Time pressure and stress as a factor during emergency egress
Time pressure and stress as a factor during emergency egress
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DOI：
10.1016/s0925-7535(00)00061-8
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Ozel, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ozel, F
虽然人作为信息处理实体在火灾紧急情况下的路线选择过程中使用环境线索，但时间压力，即人们可用的有限时间，以及火灾物理威胁造成的压力，会影响他们处理环境信息的方式。本研究主要研究时间压力和压力下的决策理论，并将其应用于火灾应急疏散和路径选择领域。在时间压力下关注的线索范围缩小、强调决策备选方案的消极方面以及信息过滤，这些都是个人信息处理能力扭曲的一些例子。空间行为在很大程度上依赖于如何利用环境信息，因此，在使用这些信息时的任何错误计算都可能导致无效的空间行为，从而导致退出行为。此外，尽管一定程度的压力可能会导致信息处理过程中有益的警觉，但进一步增加压力可能会产生高度警觉的状态，限制个人有效处理环境信息的能力。文章还提供了火灾调查报告中的例子，以进一步讨论所涉及的主题。(C)2001爱思唯尔科学有限公司。保留所有权利。
While human brings, as information processing entities, use environmental cues during route selection in fire emergencies, time pressure, i.e. the limited time available to people, and the stress created by the physical threat of fire, can affect how they process environmental information. This study focuses on theories on decision making under time pressure and stress, and applies them to the area of emergency egress and route selection during fires. Narrowing of the range of cues attended to under time pressure, the emphasis placed on the negative aspects of decision alternatives and filtering of information are some of the examples of distortions in the information processing capacity of the individual. Spatial behavior greatly relies on how environmental information is utilized, and therefore any miscalculations in the use of this information can lead to ineffective spatial, thus exiting, behavior. Furthermore, while some degree of stress can lead to a beneficial vigilance in information processing, further increase in stress can create a hypervigilant state, limiting the capacity of the individual to process environmental information effectively. The article also provides examples from investigative reports of fires to further discuss the topics addressed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.