Ion homeostasis for salinity tolerance in plants: a molecular approach
Ion homeostasis for salinity tolerance in plants: a molecular approach
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DOI：
10.1111/ppl.13185
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发表时间：
2020-08-31
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Ahmad, Parvaiz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amin, Insha;Rasool, Saiema;Ahmad, Parvaiz
土壤盐分是植物面临的主要环境胁迫之一。氯化钠是通过破坏渗透势而引起盐胁迫的最重要的盐。由于各种先天机制，植物适应它们周围的钠生态位。调控离子转运和排斥的基因和转录因子作为盐过度敏感（SOS）、Na+/H（+）交换体（NHXs）、高钠亲和转运体（HKT）和质膜蛋白（PMP）在盐胁迫期间被激活并有助于减轻细胞的离子毒性。对于植物的耐盐性，信号转导和基因表达通过转录因子如NAM（无顶端分生组织）、ATAF（拟南芥转录激活因子）、CUC（杯状子叶）、Apetala 2/乙烯响应因子（AP 2/ERF）、W盒结合因子（WRKY）和碱性亮氨酸拉链结构域（bZIP）来调节。所有这些转录因子和基因之间的相互作用有助于植物形成耐盐机制。这些基因和转录因子通过打开各种膜离子通道来调节离子从细胞中的运动。已知所有这些基因的突变体或敲除与野生型相比不太耐盐。利用植物基因组、转录组、离子组和代谢组等新的分子生物学技术，可以进一步加深对植物耐盐机制的认识。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了基因负责赋予盐胁迫下的耐盐性，通过离子平衡的运输动力学和需要整合高通量分子生物学技术来描绘的问题。
Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stresses faced by the plants. Sodium chloride is the most important salt responsible for inducing salt stress by disrupting the osmotic potential. Due to various innate mechanisms, plants adapt to the sodic niche around them. Genes and transcription factors regulating ion transport and exclusion such as salt overly sensitive (SOS), Na+/H(+)exchangers (NHXs), high sodium affinity transporter (HKT) and plasma membrane protein (PMP) are activated during salinity stress and help in alleviating cells of ion toxicity. For salt tolerance in plants signal transduction and gene expression is regulated via transcription factors such as NAM (no apical meristem), ATAF (Arabidopsis transcription activation factor), CUC (cup-shaped cotyledon), Apetala 2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF), W-box binding factor (WRKY) and basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP). Cross-talk between all these transcription factors and genes aid in developing the tolerance mechanisms adopted by plants against salt stress. These genes and transcription factors regulate the movement of ions out of the cells by opening various membrane ion channels. Mutants or knockouts of all these genes are known to be less salt-tolerant compared to wild-types. Using novel molecular techniques such as analysis of genome, transcriptome, ionome and metabolome of a plant, can help in expanding the understanding of salt tolerance mechanism in plants. In this review, we discuss the genes responsible for imparting salt tolerance under salinity stress through transport dynamics of ion balance and need to integrate high-throughput molecular biology techniques to delineate the issue.