Adding Tobacco to Cannabis-Its Frequency and Likely Implications
Adding Tobacco to Cannabis-Its Frequency and Likely Implications
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntr043
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Suris, Joan-Carles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Belanger, Richard E.;Akre, Christina;Suris, Joan-Carles
简介：年轻的大麻使用者在以后开始吸烟和发展为尼古丁成瘾的风险增加。本研究解决的频率，其中mulling（添加烟草大麻作为关节吸烟）进行，并以何种方式这种做法根据吸烟status.Methods不同：数据来自瑞士2007年欧洲学校调查项目酒精和其他药物（ESPAD）。共有881名过去一个月的大麻使用者（平均年龄15岁，男孩60.1%）使用匿名自填问卷进行了调查。参与者进一步分组，根据他们的吸烟状态（每日，偶尔，前，从不吸烟者）。结果：每5个大麻使用者中有4个描绘了经常进行的沉思。每日吸烟者（DSC; 90.3%）的发生率最高，而前吸烟者报告的发生率最低（58.9%）。多项Logistic回归显示DSC更可能报告反复与从不吸烟者相比（风险比= 3.56 [95%CI 1.55-8.21]）。结论：反复似乎是一个非常常见的过程中，年轻的大麻用户，特别是伴随吸烟者。然而，大多数戒烟者也报告说，他们经常在吸食大麻的同时加入烟草。因为它可能代表了尼古丁的显著暴露，所以在评估青少年的物质使用和支持他们的戒烟尝试时，应该考虑到咀嚼。
Introduction: Young cannabis users are at increased risk of later cigarette initiation and progression to nicotine addiction. The present study addresses the frequency at which mulling (adding tobacco to cannabis smoked as joints) is performed and in which way this practice varies according to cigarette smoking status.Methods: Data were issued from the Swiss 2007 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD). A total of 881 past month cannabis users (mean age 15 years, boys 60.1%) were inquired on mulling using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Participants were further grouped according to their cigarette smoking status (daily, occasional, former, and never-smokers).Results: Four of every 5 cannabis users depicted mulling as frequently performed. The highest occurrence was found among daily cigarette smokers (DSC; 90.3%), while former cigarette smokers reported the lowest (58.9%). The multinomial logistic regression showed DSC more likely reporting mulling as frequent compared with never-smokers (risk ratio = 3.56 [95% CI 1.55-8.21]).Conclusions: Mulling appears to be a very common process among young cannabis users, especially among concomitant cigarette smokers. Nevertheless, the majority of cigarette abstainers also reported frequently adding tobacco to the cannabis they smoke. Because it may represent a significant exposition to nicotine, mulling should be taken into account when assessing substance use among adolescents and in supporting their quitting attempts.