Functional units, chewing, swallowing, and food avoidance among the elderly
Functional units, chewing, swallowing, and food avoidance among the elderly
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-3913(97)70100-8
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发表时间：
1997-06-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Loesche, WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hildebrandt, GH;Dominguez, BL;Loesche, WJ
目的.在牙列中的牙齿的数量进行了比较的数量和类型的牙齿功能单位（相对的牙齿对）相关的功能单位的数量与老年人的咀嚼和吞咽的投诉。口咽功能和食物避免的做法的投诉进行了比较的数量和类型的功能单位。本研究以602名老年人（男468名，女134名，平均年龄70岁）为研究对象，进行口腔检查。功能单位的措施，其中包括牙齿的功能排列和牙齿的数量和类型，被认为是更歧视和描述咀嚼潜力比单纯的牙齿数量。功能单位数量减少的老年人（大于或等于60岁）倾向于报告咀嚼困难，避免粘稠食物（包括肉类），脆脆食物（包括蔬菜）和干燥固体食物（包括面包），以及吞咽困难。义齿修复似乎不能预防这些后果，至少在老年人群中，在咀嚼潜力方面似乎不等同于天然牙。牙齿功能受损可能导致吞咽咀嚼不良的食物、食物回避模式、饮食不足和有利于疾病的全身变化、活力降低、虚弱和预期寿命缩短。应尽可能强调保持天然牙齿。
Purpose. The number of teeth in the dentition was compared with the number and types of dental functional units (opposing tooth pairs) to correlate the number of functional units with complaints about chewing and swallowing in the elderly.Material and methods. Complaints of oral-pharyngeal function and food avoidance practices were compared with the number and types of functional units. A convenience sample of 602 elderly subjects (468 men, 134 women, mean age 70 years) were interviewed and examined dentally.Results. Functional unit measures, which included functional arrangement of the teeth and the number and type of teeth present, were found to be more discriminatory and descriptive of masticatory potential than the mere number of teeth. Elderly persons (greater than or equal to 60 years of age) with reduced numbers of functional units tended to report difficulty chewing, avoidance of stringy foods (including meat), crunchy foods (including vegetables), and dry solid foods (including breads), and difficulty in swallowing. Removable prostheses did not appear to prevent these consequences and, at least in this elderly population, did not appear to be equivalent to natural teeth in terms of masticatory potential.Conclusions. It is possible that compromised dental function results in the swallowing of poorly chewed food, food avoidance patterns, dietary inadequacies, and systemic changes favoring illness, reduced vigor, debilitation, and shortened life expectancy. Emphasis should be placed on maintaining natural teeth whenever possible.