A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Perceived Infant Outcomes at 18-24 Months: Neural and Psychological Correlates of Parental Thoughts and Actions Assessed during the First Month Postpartum.
A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Perceived Infant Outcomes at 18-24 Months: Neural and Psychological Correlates of Parental Thoughts and Actions Assessed during the First Month Postpartum.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01772
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Swain JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim P;Rigo P;Leckman JF;Mayes LC;Cole PM;Feldman R;Swain JE
产后的头几个月是父母与婴儿建立情感纽带的关键时期。对婴儿相关刺激的神经反应与父母的敏感性有关。然而，这些神经反应、父母教养以及后来的母亲和父亲的婴儿结局之间的联系尚不清楚。在目前的纵向研究中，我们调查了母亲和父亲在新生儿期的思想/行为和神经激活与婴儿在蹒跚学步阶段的结局的关系。在产后第一个月，母亲(n=21)和父亲(n=19)接受了神经成像会议，在此期间，他们听到了自己和不熟悉的婴儿的哭声。在产后1个月和3~4个月进行两次访谈，并在产后18~24个月由父母报告婴儿的社会情绪结果。在母亲中，产后第一个月对育儿的焦虑思想/行为水平较高，而产后3-4个月则不是，这与18-24个月婴儿的社会情绪能力低下有关。焦虑的思想/行为也与运动皮质的反应增强和黑质对婴儿哭声的反应减弱有关。另一方面，在父亲中，在产后第一个月对作为父母的积极认知水平较高，而在产后3-4个月不是，与18-24个月的婴儿较高的社会情绪能力相关。积极的想法与听觉皮质和尾状核对婴儿哭声的反应增强有关。目前的研究提供了证据表明，父母的想法与产后第一个月婴儿的同步神经反应以及婴儿18-24个月的未来社会情绪结果有关。父母的差异表明，母亲的焦虑想法和父亲的积极想法可能是产后非常早期以父母为中心的干预措施的目标。
The first postpartum months constitute a critical period for parents to establish an emotional bond with their infants. Neural responses to infant-related stimuli have been associated with parental sensitivity. However, the associations among these neural responses, parenting, and later infant outcomes for mothers and fathers are unknown. In the current longitudinal study, we investigated the relationships between parental thoughts/actions and neural activation in mothers and fathers in the neonatal period with infant outcomes at the toddler stage. At the first month postpartum, mothers (n = 21) and fathers (n = 19) underwent a neuroimaging session during which they listened to their own and unfamiliar baby’s cry. Parenting-related thoughts/behaviors were assessed by interview twice at the first month and 3–4 months postpartum and infants’ socioemotional outcomes were reported by mothers and fathers at 18–24 months postpartum. In mothers, higher levels of anxious thoughts/actions about parenting at the first month postpartum, but not at 3–4 months postpartum, were associated with infant’s low socioemotional competencies at 18–24 months. Anxious thoughts/actions were also associated with heightened responses in the motor cortex and reduced responses in the substantia nigra to own infant cry sounds. On the other hand, in fathers, higher levels of positive perception of being a parent at the first month postpartum, but not at 3–4 months postpartum, were associated with higher infant socioemotional competencies at 18–24 months. Positive thoughts were associated with heightened responses in the auditory cortex and caudate to own infant cry sounds. The current study provides evidence that parental thoughts are related to concurrent neural responses to their infants at the first month postpartum as well as their infant’s future socioemotional outcome at 18–24 months. Parent differences suggest that anxious thoughts in mothers and positive thoughts in fathers may be the targets for parenting-focused interventions very early postpartum.