Placental transfer of the polybrominated diphenyl ethers BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-209 in a human placenta perfusion system: an experimental study.
Placental transfer of the polybrominated diphenyl ethers BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-209 in a human placenta perfusion system: an experimental study.
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DOI：
10.1186/1476-069x-9-32
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发表时间：
2010-07-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Knudsen LE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Frederiksen M;Vorkamp K;Mathiesen L;Mose T;Knudsen LE
多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）已被广泛用作消费品中的阻燃剂。多溴二苯醚可能影响甲状腺激素的体内平衡，从而导致认知能力、运动技能和行为改变的不可逆转的损害。因此，由于胎儿发育的关键窗口期，宫内暴露引起高度关注。使用人类离体胎盘灌注系统研究了BDE-47、BDE-99和BDE-209在4小时灌注过程中胎盘转移的动力学和程度。多溴联苯醚被添加到母体血液循环中，并在母体和胎儿体内进行监测。此外，还分析了灌注的子叶、周围的胎盘组织以及灌注前的胎盘组织和脐带血浆。多溴联苯醚的分析包括索氏提取、吸附色谱净化和GC-MS分析。BDE-47的胎盘转移比BDE-99更快、更广泛。灌注四小时后，BDE-47和BDE-99的胎儿-母体比率（FM比率）分别为0.47和0.25，而灌注60分钟后测量的指示性渗透系数（IPC）分别为0.26 h-1和0.10 h-1。BDE-209的运输似乎是有限的。同系物之间的这些差异可能与溴化程度有关。在灌注的子叶以及周围的胎盘组织中观察到所有同系物的显著积累。BDE-47和BDE-99的迁移表明在子宫内接触了这些同系物。尽管BDE-209的运输有限，但可能的代谢脱溴作用可能会产生毒性更大、更易运输的产品。我们的研究表明，胎儿暴露于多溴联苯醚，这应该包括在育龄妇女的多溴联苯醚暴露的风险评估。
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used as flame retardants in consumer products. PBDEs may affect thyroid hormone homeostasis, which can result in irreversible damage of cognitive performance, motor skills and altered behaviour. Thus, in utero exposure is of very high concern due to critical windows in fetal development. A human ex vivo placenta perfusion system was used to study the kinetics and extent of the placental transfer of BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-209 during four-hour perfusions. The PBDEs were added to the maternal circulation and monitored in the maternal and fetal compartments. In addition, the perfused cotyledon, the surrounding placental tissue as well as pre-perfusion placental tissue and umbilical cord plasma were also analysed. The PBDE analysis included Soxhlet extraction, clean-up by adsorption chromatography and GC-MS analysis. Placental transfer of BDE-47 was faster and more extensive than for BDE-99. The fetal-maternal ratios (FM-ratio) after four hours of perfusion were 0.47 and 0.25 for BDE-47 and BDE-99, respectively, while the indicative permeability coefficient (IPC) measured after 60 minutes of perfusion was 0.26 h-1 and 0.10 h-1, respectively. The transport of BDE-209 seemed to be limited. These differences between the congeners may be related to the degree of bromination. Significant accumulation was observed for all congeners in the perfused cotyledon as well as in the surrounding placental tissue. The transport of BDE-47 and BDE-99 indicates in utero exposure to these congeners. Although the transport of BDE-209 was limited, however, possible metabolic debromination may lead to products which are both more toxic and transportable. Our study demonstrates fetal exposure to PBDEs, which should be included in risk assessment of PBDE exposure of women of child-bearing age.