Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cell Isolation from Tooth Extraction Sockets
Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cell Isolation from Tooth Extraction Sockets
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DOI：
10.1177/0022034514549377
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Kuboki, T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nakajima, R.;Ono, M.;Kuboki, T.
骨髓间充质干/祖细胞（BMSCs）常用于再生治疗。目前骨髓间充质干细胞的主要来源是髂嵴;然而，该手术与患者的各种负担有关，包括疼痛和感染的风险。因此，从其他更容易获得的来源收集BMSC的可能性将是一种有吸引力的方法。众所周知，干细胞从周围组织迁移，在伤口愈合中发挥重要作用。因此，我们假设干/祖细胞可以从牙槽中的肉芽组织中分离出来，我们随后在拔牙后3天从狗牙槽中收集肉芽组织。在酶消化收集的组织后，形成集落的细胞构成牙槽来源的干/祖细胞（dDSC）。接下来，将dDSC与狗BMSC（dBMSC）进行比较以进行表型表征。流式细胞术分析显示，dDSC对CD 44、CD 90和CD 271呈阳性，但对CD 34和CD 45呈阴性，与dBMSC相似。与dBMSC相似，dDSC也表现出成骨、成脂和成软骨分化能力，具有比dBMSC更高的集落形成、增殖和运动能力。此外，体内异位骨形成试验表明，dDSC和dBMSC均诱导硬组织形成，尽管只有dDSC形成与新形成的骨连接的纤维组织样结构。最后，我们测试了dDSC在单壁缺损模型中再生牙周组织的能力。dDSCs移植组（-TCP/PGA/dDSCs）的缺损再生为牙骨质样组织、牙周韧带样组织和牙槽骨，而对照组（-TCP/PGA）仅观察到骨组织。总之，我们确定并表征了从牙槽获得的肉芽组织中的干/祖细胞群体，其表现出与BMSC相似的几个特征。因此，牙槽可能是从骨中分离干/祖细胞的新来源。
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (BMSCs) are commonly used in regeneration therapy. The current primary source of BMSCs is the iliac crest; however, the procedure is associated with various burdens on the patient, including the risk of pain and infection. Hence, the possibility to collect BMSCs from other, more accessible, sources would be an attractive approach. It is well known that stem cells migrate from surrounding tissues and play important roles in wound healing. We thus hypothesized that stem/progenitor cells could be isolated from granulation tissue in the dental socket, and we subsequently collected granulation tissue from dog dental socket 3 d after tooth extraction. After enzyme digestion of the collected tissue, the cells forming colonies constituted the dental socket-derived stem/progenitor cells (dDSCs). Next, dDSCs were compared with dog BMSCs (dBMSCs) for phenotype characterization. A flow cytometric analysis showed that dDSCs were positive for CD44, CD90, and CD271 but negative for CD34 and CD45, similar to dBMSCs. dDSCs also exhibited osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation ability, similar to dBMSCs, with a higher capacity for colony formation, proliferation, and motility than dBMSCs. In addition, an in vivo ectopic bone formation assay showed that dDSCs and dBMSCs both induced hard tissue formation, although only dDSCs formed a fibrous tissue-like structure connected to the newly formed bone. Finally, we tested the ability of dDSCs to regenerate periodontal tissue in a one-wall defect model. The defects in the dDSC-transplanted group (-TCP/PGA/dDSCs) were regenerated with cementum-like and periodontal ligament-like tissues and alveolar bone, whereas only bony tissue was observed in the control group (-TCP/PGA). In conclusion, we identified and characterized a population of stem/progenitor cells in granulation tissue obtained from the dental socket that exhibited several characteristics similar to those of BMSCs. Dental sockets could therefore be a novel source for isolating stem/progenitor cells from bone.