Characterization and deployment of Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) resin for monitoring of microcystins in fresh and saltwater
Characterization and deployment of Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) resin for monitoring of microcystins in fresh and saltwater
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DOI：
10.1016/j.hal.2011.08.006
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Kudela, Raphael M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kudela, Raphael M.
全球淡水和咸水蓝藻水华及其相关毒素似乎正在增加。当前蓝藻毒素的采样方法通常涉及点（抓取）样本，并且由于空间和时间异质性、水文条件以及藻类表面堆积物（浮渣）是否存在而存在变异。为了克服其中一些问题，包括固相吸附毒素追踪 (SPATT) 和极性有机化合物综合采样器 (POCIS) 在内的被动采样器已主要用于海洋藻毒素的采样，而对淡水毒素的应用则更为有限。在这项研究中，SPATT 在实验室和现场进行了评估，作为微囊藻毒素的综合采样器，使用 DIAION HP20 树脂部署在淡水中。 HP20 对微囊藻毒素-LR、-YR 表现出优异的吸附和回收特性。 -LA和-RR。大约每周在加利福尼亚州平托湖部署 SPATE，为期 16 个月，并与传统（抓取）样本进行比较。 SPATT 被证明是稳健的，在每次部署过程中都能检测出微囊藻毒素，与抓取样品相比，其中 42% 的微囊藻毒素-LR 低于使用液相色谱-质谱法的检测限。建立了一个简单的典型相关模型来确定毒素浓度是否与环境参数（例如水温、营养物浓度、叶绿素 a、降雨量或其他容易获得的变量）共同变化。与毒素浓度相关的最佳个体是总生物量（叶绿素 a），而典型相关性的第一主轴包括叶绿素 a 和总溶解氮作为统计显着变量。全面的。 SPATT 被证明是传统抓取样品的有用辅助或替代品。 (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Fresh and brackish water cyanobacterial blooms and their associated toxins appear to be increasing globally. Current sampling methodologies for cyanotoxins typically involve point (grab) samples, and are subject to variability due to spatial and temporal heterogeneity, hydrological conditions, and the presence or absence of surface accumulations (scums) of algae. To overcome some of these issues, passive samplers including Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Compound Integrative Samplers (POCIS) have been used for primarily marine phycotoxins with more limited application to freshwater toxins. In this study SPATT was evaluated in both the lab and the field for use as an integrative sampler for microcystins, deployed in freshwater using DIAION HP20 resin. HP20 exhibited excellent adsorption and recovery characteristics for microcystin-LR, -YR. -LA, and -RR. Approximately weekly deployments of SPATE in Pinto Lake, CA were conducted for 16 months and compared to traditional (grab) samples. SPATT proved to be robust, detecting microcystins during every deployment in contrast to the grab samples, 42% of which were below the limit of detection using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for microcystin-LR. A simple canonical correlation model was built to determine if toxin concentrations co-varied with environmental parameters such as water temperature, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a, rainfall, or other easily obtained variables. The best individual correlate to toxin concentration was total biomass (chlorophyll a), while the first principal axis of the canonical correlation included chlorophyll a and total dissolved nitrogen as statistically significant variables. Overall. SPATT proved to be a useful adjunct or replacement for traditional grab samples. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.