Microglia and ischemic stroke: a double-edged sword.
Microglia and ischemic stroke: a double-edged sword.
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发表时间：
2013-05
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通讯作者：
Anita R. Patel;Rodney M. Ritzel;L. McCullough;Fudong Liu
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作者：
Anita R. Patel;Rodney M. Ritzel;L. McCullough;Fudong Liu
炎症过程在卒中的病理生理学中具有重要作用。一个关键的初始事件是快速激活常驻免疫细胞，主要是小胶质细胞。该细胞群是限制中风损伤的新治疗方法的重要靶点。小胶质细胞的激活通常受到涉及神经元-胶质细胞通讯的严格控制机制的控制。缺血性中风是一种强大的刺激，可以抑制内源性抑制信号并触发小胶质细胞激活。一旦被激活，小胶质细胞表现出一系列表型，释放促炎和抗炎介质，并根据小胶质细胞受体接收的不同分子信号发挥加重缺血性损伤或帮助修复的作用。已经鉴定了用于小胶质细胞活化的各种配体和受体。检测这些炎症信号的实验工具正在越来越多地开发，以确定小胶质细胞的功能作用。缺血性卒中迫切需要基于小胶质细胞异质性的微调免疫调节干预。
Inflammatory processes have a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of stroke. A key initial event is the rapid activation of resident immune cells, primarily microglia. This cell population is an important target for new therapeutic approaches to limit stroke damage. Activation of microglia is normally held in check by strictly controlled mechanisms involving neuronal-glial communication. Ischemic stroke is a powerful stimulus that disables the endogenous inhibitory signaling and triggers microglial activation. Once activated, microglia exhibit a spectrum of phenotypes, release both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, and function to either exacerbate ischemic injury or help repair depending on different molecular signals the microglial receptors receive. Various ligands and receptors have been identified for microglial activation. Experimental tools to detect these inflammatory signals are being increasingly developed in an effort to define the functional roles of microglia. Fine-tuning immunomodulatory interventions based on the heterogeneous profiles of microglia are urgently needed for ischemic stroke.