Regulatory function of microRNAs in microglia
Regulatory function of microRNAs in microglia
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DOI：
10.1002/glia.23846
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发表时间：
2020-05-28
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Brites, Dora
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brites, Dora
小胶质细胞是CNS驻留细胞，参与免疫监视和维持细胞间稳态，同时也有助于神经病理学。微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的（22个核苷酸）单链非编码RNA，在转录后水平参与基因调控。miRNA通常与RNA的非翻译区（3 ' UTR）结合。研究表明，miRNAs是控制炎症的重要参与者，其异常表达与癌症和衰老以及神经退行性疾病的发生和进展有关。此外，miRNAs参与细胞间运输。因此，miRNA以游离形式从细胞中释放，与蛋白质结合或包装在细胞外囊泡（EV）内，发挥旁分泌和长距离信号传导。本文综述了miRNAs作为小胶质细胞表型改变的驱动因子及其在神经系统疾病中的作用，主要观点miRNAs在小胶质细胞功能/功能障碍、极化和恢复中起着关键作用，小胶质细胞既是含有miRNAs的细胞外囊泡（EV）的来源，也是其受体，细胞外miRNAs可能以可溶性（游离和EV货物）和蛋白复合物的形式存在.
Microglia are CNS-resident cells involved in immune surveillance and maintenance of intercellular homeostasis, while also contributing to neurologic pathologies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (22 nucleotides) single-stranded noncoding RNAs that participate in gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs typically bind to the untranslated region (3 ' UTR) of RNAs. It has been shown that miRNAs are important players in controlling inflammation and that their abnormal expression is linked to cancer and ageing, and to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, miRNAs participate in intercellular trafficking. Thus, miRNAs are released from cells in a free form, bound to proteins or packaged within extracellular vesicles (EVs), exerting paracrine and long distance signaling. In this review, recent findings on the role of miRNAs as drivers of microglia phenotypic changes and their cotribution in neurological disease are addressed.Main pointsmiRNAs have a key role in microglia function/dysfunction, polarization, and restoration.Microglia are both a source and recipient of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing miRNAs.Extracellular miRNAs may be found as soluble (free and EV cargo) and protein complexes.