Porous Inorganic Materials
Porous Inorganic Materials
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多孔无机材料
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Feng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiqing Wang;X. Bu;P. Feng
多孔无机材料涵盖一系列固体，氧化物和非氧化物，结晶和无定形，其具有从约3埃延伸至超过500埃的孔径。结晶微孔材料如沸石已经被已知超过200年，并且在过去十年中的研究已经将微孔材料的类型从传统的氧化物扩展到硫属化物和金属有机框架。旨在开发将均匀的微孔性与其他功能整合的新微孔材料的努力也导致了有希望的结果。
周期性有序介孔材料是近年来出现的一种有序无机多孔材料。它们可以在有机分子（例如胺、阳离子、阴离子或非离子表面活性剂）或聚合物（例如两亲性嵌段共聚物）的有序组装体的存在下制备。胶束溶液、溶致液晶和微乳液都可以在无机前体与有机物种的共缩合过程中充当结构导向剂。已经开发了许多合成途径用于制备各种化学组成的中孔固体，包括二氧化硅、有机二氧化硅、过渡金属氧化物、硫属化物，甚至元素形式如碳和铂。在宏观形貌（如薄膜、纤维、整体和球体）的控制方面也取得了很大进展。孔的几何形状与有机组装体的性质和其他合成参数密切相关，并且可以在一定程度上进行控制，以允许合成具有所需结构和性能的介孔材料。
在过去的十年中，有序大孔材料和多尺度有序多孔材料的合成也得到了快速发展。用于控制宏观有序的常用模板包括胶体晶体，例如胶乳或二氧化硅球和乳液滴。随着各种无机多孔材料的出现，许多应用领域正等待着材料研究者的探索。
保留字：
沸石;
分子筛;
多孔材料;
微孔的;
介孔;
大孔的;
多孔二氧化硅;
多孔二氧化钛;
表面活性剂;
嵌段共聚物;
液晶;
微乳液
Porous inorganic materials cover a range of solids, both oxides and nonoxides, crystalline and amorphous, that have a pore size extending from about 3 A to over 500 A. Crystalline microporous materials such as zeolites have been known for over 200 years, and the research in the past decade has extended types of microporous materials from traditional oxides to chalcogenides and metal–organic frameworks. Efforts aimed toward developing new microporous materials that integrate uniform microporosity with other functionality have also led to promising results.
Periodically ordered mesoporous materials are a recent addition to the family of ordered inorganic porous materials. They can be made in the presence of organized assemblies of organic molecules (e.g. amines, cationic, anionic, or nonionic surfactants) or polymers (e.g. amphiphilic block copolymers). Micellar solutions, lyotropic liquid crystals, and microemulsions can all serve as structure-directing agents during the cocondensation of inorganic precursors with organic species. A number of synthetic pathways have been developed for the preparation of mesoporous solids in a variety of chemical compositions including silica, organosilica, transition metal oxides, chalcogenides, and even elemental forms such as carbon and platinum. Much progress has also been made in the control of macroscopic morphologies (e.g. films, fibers, monoliths, and spheres). The pore geometry is closely related to the nature of the organic assemblies and other synthetic parameters and can be controlled to a certain degree to allow the synthesis of mesoporous materials with the desirable architecture and properties.
The past decade has also witnessed a rapid development in the synthesis of ordered macroporous materials and porous materials that are ordered at multiple-length scales. Commonly used templates for the control of the macroscopic ordering include colloidal crystals such as latex or silica spheres and emulsion droplets. With the availability of a variety of inorganic porous materials, numerous applications are awaiting the exploration of materials researchers.
Keywords:
zeolites;
molecular sieves;
porous materials;
microporous;
mesoporous;
macroporous;
porous silica;
porous titania;
surfactants;
block copolymers;
liquid crystals;
microemulsion