Cattle manure and intercropping effects on soil properties and growth and yield of pearl millet and cowpea in Namibia
Cattle manure and intercropping effects on soil properties and growth and yield of pearl millet and cowpea in Namibia
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DOI：
10.1080/15427528.2019.1604456
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发表时间：
2019-04
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Y. Watanabe;F. Itanna;Yasuhiro Izumi;S. Awala;Yuichiro Fujioka;Kenta Tsuchiya;M. Iijima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Watanabe;F. Itanna;Yasuhiro Izumi;S. Awala;Yuichiro Fujioka;Kenta Tsuchiya;M. Iijima
纳米比亚贫瘠的土壤可以通过施用牛粪来增加养分，特别是当资源贫乏的农民无法购买昂贵的化肥时。本研究探讨了牛粪对不同种植模式的影响，珍珠粟（Pennisetum glaucum L.）和豇豆（Vigna unguiculata L.）在三个种植季节，在0，31和62毫克公顷的施肥量进行了比较。试验田采用随机完全区组设计，重复四次。测定的参数包括作物生长和产量、土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷和交换性钾。土壤有机碳测定采用Black-Walkley法，全氮测定采用改良凯氏定氮法，速效磷测定采用Olsen法，交换性钾测定采用乙酸铵萃取法。与对照相比，施用31 Mg ha−1牛粪使SOC、土壤全氮、有效磷和交换性钾分别增加了1.3、1.2、1.2和1.4倍;施用62 Mg ha−1牛粪分别增加了1.7、1.5、1.3和2.1倍。然而，31和62 Mg ha−1的有机碳、土壤全氮和有效磷的差异并不显著，交换性钾除外。珍珠粟的籽粒产量和生物量产量随着31 Mg ha−1肥料的施用而增加，但随着62 Mg ha−1肥料的施用而下降，而豇豆的籽粒产量和生物量产量随着62 Mg ha−1肥料的施用而下降。豇豆和珍珠粟间作比单作产量高。
ABSTRACT The impoverished Namibian soils can very well be enriched with nutrients by applying cattle manure, especially when resource-poor farmers are unable to purchase expensive chemical fertilizers. In this study, effects of cattle manure on different cropping patterns, i.e., mono- and mixed-cropping of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were compared across three cropping seasons at manure application rates of 0, 31 and 62 Mg ha−1. The experimental plots were laid out in a randomized complete-block design with four replications. The parameters measured were growth and yield of the crops, soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil N, available soil P, and exchangeable soil K. The SOC was determined by the Black-Walkley protocol, total N by the modified Kjeldahl method, available P by the Olsen method, and exchangeable K by ammonium acetate extraction. Application of 31 Mg ha−1 cattle manure increased SOC, total soil N, available P, and exchangeable K 1.3, 1.2, 1.2, and 1.4 times, respectively, over the control; the respective increase by the addition of 62 Mg ha−1 was 1.7, 1.5, 1.3, and 2.1 times. However, differences between 31 and 62 Mg ha−1 manure were not significant for SOC, total soil N, and available P, except for exchangeable K. Both grain yield and biomass yield of pearl millet increased with the application of 31 Mg ha−1 manure, but declined with the application of 62 Mg ha−1 manure, whereas grain yield and biomass yield of cowpea declined with the addition of 62 Mg ha−1 manure. Both cowpea and pearl millet yielded more when intercropped than when grown as monocultures.