Development and neural bases of face recognition in autism
Development and neural bases of face recognition in autism
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/sj.mp.4001168
复制
发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Dawson, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carver, LJ;Dawson, G
自闭症是一种发育障碍，其特征是沟通和社交关系受损，活动范围受到限制。这种疾病与处理社会和情感信息的特定障碍有关。这些社会处理障碍的性质表明，自闭症涉及负责社会信息早期处理的大脑区域功能障碍。在这里，我们进一步探讨自闭症早期社会处理障碍的性质，并讨论自闭症涉及早期出现的面部处理障碍的证据。我们开始讨论自闭症的面孔识别研究。接下来，我们描述了新的数据表明，这种损害是目前在自闭症儿童的早期。然后，我们将探讨如何在正常发育过程中出现面部识别的神经系统，并推测自闭症患者该系统发育的差异。对年龄较大的自闭症儿童的研究表明，他们在面部识别方面存在障碍。1-4例如，Klin等人3发现，患有自闭症的学龄儿童在面部识别测试中的表现比没有自闭症的发育障碍儿童差。Boucher和Lewis4报告说，自闭症儿童在图片匹配和识别任务中的表现比正常发育的儿童差。他们发现，自闭症儿童在使用建筑物图片进行类似任务时并没有受到影响。因此，自闭症患者的面部识别障碍似乎不是视觉辨别困难的结果。在一项关于面部处理的功能性磁共振成像研究中，5名自闭症成年人的梭状回面部区域没有被激活，这是一个在观看面部时通常会被激活的区域。在一项针对青少年和自闭症成年人的事件相关脑电位（ERP）研究中，McPartland，Dawson等人6发现，与面部处理相关的ERP成分（“N170”）在自闭症参与者和正常参与者之间存在差异。这一成分在面孔上的表现要比在非面孔上的表现要大，而且在右脑尤为突出。在自闭症患者中，N170在家具上比在面孔上更大，并且是双侧分布的。N170成分峰值潜伏期与正常对照组相对应。
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by impairments in communication and social relationships, and a restricted range of activities. This disorder is associated with specific impairments in the processing of social and emotional information. The nature of these impairments in social processing suggests that autism involves dysfunction of brain regions responsible for early stage processing of social information. Here, we explore further the nature of early social processing impairments in autism, and discuss evidence that autism involves an early emerging impairment in face processing. We begin by discussing research on face recognition in autism. Next, we describe new data suggesting that this impairment is present early in children with autism. We then explore how a neural system for face recognition might emerge in normal development, and speculate on differences in the development of this system in autism. Studies of older children with autism have demonstrated impairments in face recognition. 1–4 For example, Klin et al3 found that school aged children with autism performed worse on face recognition tests than developmentally disabled children without autism. Boucher and Lewis4 reported that children with autism performed worse on picture matching and recognition tasks than typically developing children. They found that children with autism were not impaired on similar tasks using pictures of buildings. Thus, face recognition impairments in autism do not appear to be the result of a general difficulty in visual discrimination. In a fMRI study of face processing, 5 adults with autism failed to show activation of the fusiform face area, an area typically activated when viewing faces.In an event-related brain potentials (ERP) study of adolescents and adults with autism, McPartland, Dawson et al6 found that the ERP component associated with face processing (’N170’) differed between participants with autism and normal participants. This component is typically larger to faces than to nonfaces, 7 and is especially prominent over the right hemisphere. In individuals with autism, N170 was larger for furniture than for faces, and was bilaterally distributed. The latency of the N170 component peaked was corre-