Road sediment, an underutilized material in environmental science research: A review of perspectives on United States studies with international context
Road sediment, an underutilized material in environmental science research: A review of perspectives on United States studies with international context
复制标题
道路沉积物，环境科学研究中未充分利用的材料：美国研究视角与国际背景的回顾
DOI：
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128604
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Krekeler, Mark P.S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dietrich, Matthew;O’Shea, Michael J.;Gieré, Reto;Krekeler, Mark P.S.
道路沉积物是一种普遍存在的环境介质，既是各种自然和人为颗粒物的源也是汇，往往富含重金属。在美国，道路泥沙的研究普遍不足。相对于其他环境媒体，并与中国和英国等国家进行比较。然而，美国是这些研究的理想目标，因为美国有不同的气候和丰富的地球化学、社会经济、人口和健康数据。这篇综述概述了现有的美国道路泥沙文献，同时也提供了关键的国际视角和背景。此外，还列出了迄今为止美国道路沉积物研究最全面的表格，其中包括元素浓度、样本量、粒度分数、采集和分析方法以及消化过程。总体而言，研究中观察到元素浓度的采样时间不同，但不一定受美国气候的影响。本次道路沉积物审查中涉及的其他关键概念包括控制其分布的过程、所使用的命名方法的多样性、重金属的人为富集性、电子显微镜、健康风险评估、修复以及道路沉积物调查的未来方向。展望未来，建议进行地理多样性较高的研究，考虑较小的城市和农村地区。此外，环境正义必须成为重点，因为对道路沉积物的社区科学研究可以阐明影响到迫切需要的地区的污染问题。最后，这项审查呼吁在采样、数据报告和命名方面保持一致性，以有效地扩大对未被研究的元素、颗粒和本底沉积物的工作。
Road sediment is a pervasive environmental medium that acts as both source and sink for a variety of natural and anthropogenic particles and often is enriched in heavy metals. Road sediment is generally understudied in the United States (U.S.) relative to other environmental media and compared to countries such as China and the United Kingdom (U.K.). However, the U.S. is an ideal target for these studies due to the diverse climates and wealth of geochemical, socioeconomic, demographic, and health data. This review outlines the existing U.S. road sediment literature while also providing key international perspectives and context. Furthermore, the most comprehensive table of U.S. road sediment studies to date is presented, which includes elemental concentrations, sample size, size fraction, collection and analytical methods, as well as digestion procedure. Overall, there were observed differences in studies by sampling time period for elemental concentrations, but not necessarily by climate in the U.S. Other key concepts addressed in this road sediment review include the processes controlling its distribution, the variety of nomenclature used, anthropogenic enrichment of heavy metals, electron microscopy, health risk assessments, remediation, and future directions of road sediment investigations. Going forward, it is recommended that studies with a higher geographic diversity are performed that consider smaller cities and rural areas. Furthermore, environmental justice must be a focus as community science studies of road sediment can elucidate pollution issues impacting areas of high need. Finally, this review calls for consistency in sampling, data reporting, and nomenclature to effectively expand work on understudied elements, particles, and background sediments.