Effectiveness of Three Decontamination Treatments against Influenza Virus Applied to Filtering Facepiece Respirators
Effectiveness of Three Decontamination Treatments against Influenza Virus Applied to Filtering Facepiece Respirators
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DOI：
10.1093/annhyg/mer054
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hinrichs, Steven H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lore, Michael B.;Heimbuch, Brian K.;Hinrichs, Steven H.
建议使用过滤式面罩消毒器（FFR）作为预防空气传播病原微生物的措施;然而，在大流行期间，对FFR的需求可能远远超过可用性。已提出在去污后重复使用FFR，但很少有报告的研究讨论了可行性。对生物杀灭效果、净化后呼吸器性能、净化成本和使用者安全的关注阻碍了再利用措施的采用。本研究检查了三种高能去污方法[紫外线杀菌照射（UVGI），微波产生的蒸汽，和湿热]对两个国家职业安全和健康研究所认证的N95 FFR（3 M模型1860年和1870年）污染的H5 N1的有效性。使用气溶胶沉降室以设计用于模拟液滴在表面上的呼吸沉积的方法将载有病毒的液滴施加到FFR。当通过病毒培养物在去污后检查FFR时，所有三种去污方法都是有效的，使病毒载量减少> 4 log中位组织培养感染剂量。使用定量分子扩增试验（定量实时聚合酶链反应）对经处理的FFR进行分析表明，UVGI去污导致可检测的病毒RNA水平低于其他两种方法。在使用1%NaCl气溶胶净化之前和之后评价过滤器性能。由于所有FFR均显示300 nm颗粒的渗透率< 5%，因此通过暴露于病毒和随后采用所用方法进行的去污测试的FFR未导致过滤性能显著降低。这些发现表明，当正确实施时，这些方法在测试的两个FFR模型上有效地净化H5 N1，并且不会严重影响其过滤功能;然而，其他考虑因素可能会影响重复使用FFR的决策。
Filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) are recommended for use as precautions against airborne pathogenic microorganisms; however, during pandemics demand for FFRs may far exceed availability. Reuse of FFRs following decontamination has been proposed but few reported studies have addressed the feasibility. Concerns regarding biocidal efficacy, respirator performance post decontamination, decontamination cost, and user safety have impeded adoption of reuse measures. This study examined the effectiveness of three energetic decontamination methods [ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), microwave-generated steam, and moist heat] on two National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-certified N95 FFRs (3M models 1860s and 1870) contaminated with H5N1. An aerosol settling chamber was used to apply virus-laden droplets to FFRs in a method designed to simulate respiratory deposition of droplets onto surfaces. When FFRs were examined post decontamination by viral culture, all three decontamination methods were effective, reducing virus load by > 4 log median tissue culture infective dose. Analysis of treated FFRs using a quantitative molecular amplification assay (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) indicated that UVGI decontamination resulted in lower levels of detectable viral RNA than the other two methods. Filter performance was evaluated before and after decontamination using a 1% NaCl aerosol. As all FFRs displayed < 5% penetration by 300-nm particles, no profound reduction in filtration performance was caused in the FFRs tested by exposure to virus and subsequent decontamination by the methods used. These findings indicate that, when properly implemented, these methods effectively decontaminate H5N1 on the two FFR models tested and do not drastically affect their filtering function; however, other considerations may influence decisions to reuse FFRs.