Analysis of particulate distributed across Fukushima Prefecture: Attributing provenance to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident or an alternate emission source
Analysis of particulate distributed across Fukushima Prefecture: Attributing provenance to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident or an alternate emission source
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.05.043
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发表时间：
2019-09
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
P. Martin;M. Davies-Milner;J. Nicholson;D. Richards;Y. Yamashiki;T. Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Martin;M. Davies-Milner;J. Nicholson;D. Richards;Y. Yamashiki;T. Scott
日本福岛第一核电站 (FDNPP) 发生的一系列事件已经过去八年多了，尽管如此，大量的研究工作仍在继续进行，取得了与了解众多放射性释放事件背后的条件相关的结果。除了对广泛的科学研究进行投资外，还投入了大量精力对受辐射影响的地区进行大规模修复，并将在可预见的未来继续进行。这项研究的核心是对铯（134Cs和137Cs）和碘（129I和131I）的高挥发性和高产率裂变产物的研究，由于事故，这些产物以相当大的总活度一起分散。与调查这些高活度裂变产物的分布（和状态）相反，本研究检查了附着在收集的各种有机样品上的过渡金属、稀土元素和锕系元素的碎片。来自受辐射污染的福岛县各地。除了元素组成差异巨大之外，截留的颗粒物的尺寸范围也很广（150nm 至 >10μm）。对于某些成分（包括 Ag、Ce、Sm 和 Au）的颗粒，观察到它们的尺寸和它们与 FDNPP 相遇的距离之间存在相关性。虽然这些和其他几种成分颗粒的趋势很明显，但其他材料（包括 Zr、Pb、Sn 和 Ba）无法用这种强负线性趋势来描述。尽管可以将福岛来源分配给该材料的一个组成部分，但需要替代来源来解释颗粒材料的大量库存。虽然可能存在不同的来源，但这种颗粒的大小和成分可能对暴露人群的健康产生潜在的重大影响。
Over eight years have now passed since the chain of events that occurred at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) and despite this, considerable research effort continues to be expended – yielding results pertinent to understanding the conditions behind the numerous radioactivity release events. As well as investment in this extensive scientific research, great effort is also being directed to the large-scale remediation of the radiologically-affected area and is set to continue for the foreseeable future. Central to this has been the study of the highly-volatile and high-yield fission products of cesium (134Cs and137Cs) and iodine (129I and131I), which were together dispersed at considerable total activities as a consequence of the accident.In contrast to investigating the distribution (and state) of these high-activity fission products, this study examined fragments of transition metals, rare earth elements and actinides found adhered to a diverse range of organic samples collected from localities across the radiologically contaminated Fukushima Prefecture. As well as varying enormously in their elemental composition, the entrapped particulates comprised a wide size range (150 nm to >10 μm). For particulate of certain compositions (including Ag, Ce, Sm, and Au), a correlation was observed between their size and the distance at which they were encountered from the FDNPP. While a trend was apparent for these and several other composition particles, other materials (including Zr, Pb, Sn, and Ba) could not be described by such a strongly-negative linear trend. Although a Fukushima provenance could be apportioned to a component of the material, an alternate source is necessary to account for a significant inventory of the particulate material. While contrasting provenances may exist, both the size and composition of this particulate could represent potentially significant health implications for exposed populations.