Intussusceptive angiogenesis and its role in vascular morphogenesis, patterning, and remodeling
Intussusceptive angiogenesis and its role in vascular morphogenesis, patterning, and remodeling
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DOI：
10.1007/s10456-009-9129-5
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Djonov, Valentin G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Makanya, Andrew N.;Hlushchuk, Ruslan;Djonov, Valentin G.
新血管最初作为称为血管发生的过程中的血岛或作为通过血管生成产生的新毛细血管段出现。血管生成本身包括两个广泛的过程，即萌芽（SA）和内陷性（IA）血管生成。原始毛细血管丛通过SA和IA扩张，但随后的生长和重塑通过IA实现。后一过程通过经腔组织柱形成和随后的血管分裂进行，并且柱所采取的方向将IA描绘成明显的阶段，即：内突微血管生长、内突树枝化和内突分支重塑。内张性微血管生长限制了柱形成的起始过程及其随后的扩张，结果是毛细血管表面积大大增加。与此相反，交错的树枝化需要形成密集的支柱，将混乱的血管网重塑成典型的树状排列。局部血管分支几何形状的优化通过内推式分支重塑发生，使得脉管系统被重塑以满足局部需求。此外，IA在局部器官特异性血管构筑的创建中是重要的。虽然血液动力学力已被证明对IA有直接影响，血流量增加导致支柱形成，但主要机制尚不清楚。IA的分子控制迄今尚未明确阐明，但可能涉及几个因素之间的相互作用。强烈鼓励未来的研究集中在血管生成生长因子，血管生成素和相关受体之间的相互作用。
New blood vessels arise initially as blood islands in the process known as vasculogenesis or as new capillary segments produced through angiogenesis. Angiogenesis itself encompasses two broad processes, namely sprouting (SA) and intussusceptive (IA) angiogenesis. Primordial capillary plexuses expand through both SA and IA, but subsequent growth and remodeling are achieved through IA. The latter process proceeds through transluminal tissue pillar formation and subsequent vascular splitting, and the direction taken by the pillars delineates IA into overt phases, namely: intussusceptive microvascular growth, intussusceptive arborization, and intussusceptive branching remodeling. Intussusceptive microvascular growth circumscribes the process of initiation of pillar formation and their subsequent expansion with the result that the capillary surface area is greatly enhanced. In contrast, intussusceptive arborization entails formation of serried pillars that remodel the disorganized vascular meshwork into the typical tree-like arrangement. Optimization of local vascular branching geometry occurs through intussusceptive branching remodeling so that the vasculature is remodeled to meet the local demand. In addition, IA is important in creation of the local organ-specific angioarchitecture. While hemodynamic forces have proven direct effects on IA, with increase in blood flow resulting in initiation of pillars, the preponderant mechanisms are unclear. Molecular control of IA has so far not been unequivocally elucidated but interplay among several factors is probably involved. Future investigations are strongly encouraged to focus on interactions among angiogenic growth factors, angiopoetins, and related receptors.