Beans (Phaseolus ssp.) as a Model for Understanding Crop Evolution.
Beans (Phaseolus ssp.) as a Model for Understanding Crop Evolution.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2017.00722
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Papa R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bitocchi E;Rau D;Bellucci E;Rodriguez M;Murgia ML;Gioia T;Santo D;Nanni L;Attene G;Papa R
在这里，我们的目标是提供一个全面的和最新的概述，在文献中最重要的成果，关于菜豆属的起源，野生物种的地理分布，驯化过程，以及广泛的传播的起源中心。菜豆可以被认为是研究作物进化的一个独特的模式，特别是对于理解在驯化下发生的趋同表型进化。菜豆属的特征几乎是独特的情况是，它的1070个物种中有5个已经被驯化（即，菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris）、红菜豆（P. coccineus）、杜菜豆（P. dumosus）、尖叶菜豆（P. acutifolius）和月菜豆（P. lunatus），此外，菜豆和月菜豆的野生型分布在中美洲和南美洲，在那里至少发生了两次独立和孤立的驯化事件。因此，至少有7个独立的驯化事件发生，这提供了可能性，解开驯化过程的遗传基础，不仅在同一属的物种，而且在同一物种内的基因库之间。沿着的是，其他有趣的特征使菜豆作物在进化研究中非常有用，包括：（i）它们最近的分歧，以及它们基因组之间高水平的共线性和共线性;（ii）它们不同的育种系统和生活史特征，从一年生和自花受精到多年生和异花受精;以及（iii）它们适应不同的环境，不仅在它们的起源中心，而且在它们被引入并广泛传播到不同的国家之后，也在美洲之外。特别是对于P. vulgaris，这导致中美洲和安第斯基因库的空间隔离被打破，这允许自发杂交，从而增加了新基因型和表型的可能性。这种与异地和原地保存的遗传资源有关的知识是研究人员手中的一个重要工具，可以用来保护和评估这种多样性，同时确定适应的遗传基础，开发新的改良品种，以应对气候变化、粮食安全和可持续性的挑战。
Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the most significant outcomes in the literature regarding the origin of Phaseolus genus, the geographical distribution of the wild species, the domestication process, and the wide spread out of the centers of origin. Phaseolus can be considered as a unique model for the study of crop evolution, and in particular, for an understanding of the convergent phenotypic evolution that occurred under domestication. The almost unique situation that characterizes the Phaseolus genus is that five of its ∼70 species have been domesticated (i.e., Phaseolus vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. dumosus, P. acutifolius, and P. lunatus), and in addition, for P. vulgaris and P. lunatus, the wild forms are distributed in both Mesoamerica and South America, where at least two independent and isolated episodes of domestication occurred. Thus, at least seven independent domestication events occurred, which provides the possibility to unravel the genetic basis of the domestication process not only among species of the same genus, but also between gene pools within the same species. Along with this, other interesting features makes Phaseolus crops very useful in the study of evolution, including: (i) their recent divergence, and the high level of collinearity and synteny among their genomes; (ii) their different breeding systems and life history traits, from annual and autogamous, to perennial and allogamous; and (iii) their adaptation to different environments, not only in their centers of origin, but also out of the Americas, following their introduction and wide spread through different countries. In particular for P. vulgaris this resulted in the breaking of the spatial isolation of the Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools, which allowed spontaneous hybridization, thus increasing of the possibility of novel genotypes and phenotypes. This knowledge that is associated to the genetic resources that have been conserved ex situ and in situ represents a crucial tool in the hands of researchers, to preserve and evaluate this diversity, and at the same time, to identify the genetic basis of adaptation and to develop new improved varieties to tackle the challenges of climate change, and food security and sustainability.