Molecular basis and population genetics of phenylketonuria.
Molecular basis and population genetics of phenylketonuria.
复制标题
苯丙酮尿症的分子基础和群体遗传学。
DOI:
10.1021/bi00427a001
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发表时间:
1989
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Woo,SL
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Woo,SL
Phenylketonuria and Its Biochemical Lesion. Classical phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) and is a typical example of inborn errors in amino acid metabolism. The disorder causes severe mental retardation in affected children who excrete large quantities of phenylpyruvate in the urine (Foiling, 1934). A year after the discovery of the disease, Penrose (1935) observed that it was a genetic disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Twelve years afterward, it was shown that the administration of phenylalanine to normal humans led to prompt elevation in serum tyrosine, but the response was absent in patients with PKU (Jervis, 1947). Subsequently, it was demonstrated that post mortem liver samples from normal individuals were able to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine in vitro, while those from PKU patients could not, thereby defining the bichemical basis of phenylketonuria (Jervis, 1953). The Phenylalanine Hydroxylase System. The hydroxyla-tion of phenylalanine to tyrosine is a complex biochemical reaction. In additionto PAH, a second protein fraction was required to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine (Mitoma, 1956); this was subsequently identified as the enzyme dihydropteridine reductase (Kaufman, 1957, 1959). Phenylalanine hydroxylase is a mixed-function monooxygenase that catalyzes the hy-droxylation of phenylalanine to tyrosine by molecular oxygen in the presence of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. During this reaction the cofactor is cooxidized to quinonoid dihydrobiopterin, which is subsequently reduced to the tetra-hydro form by dihydropteridine reductase (Kaufman, 1976). Because of the complex nature of the enzymatic reaction, elevated serum phenylalanine levels can also be the result of enzymatic deficiency of the reductase and/or other enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (Kaufman et al., 1975, 1978; Leeming et al., 1976). This review deals tThis work was supported in part by NIH Grant HD-17711. SLCW is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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DOI:
10.1159/000132528
发表时间:
1988
期刊:
Cytogenetics and cell genetics
影响因子:
--
作者:
Ledley,FD;Ledbetter,SA;Ledbetter,DH;Woo,SL
通讯作者:
Woo,SL
影响因子:
158.5
作者:
S. Kaufman;S. Berlow;G. Summer;S. Milstien;J. Schulman;S. Orloff;S Spielberg;S. Pueschel
通讯作者:
S. Pueschel
影响因子:
9.8
作者:
Lidksy,AS;Robson,KJ;Thirumalachary,C;Barker,PE;Ruddle,FH;Woo,SL
通讯作者:
Woo,SL
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1935
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
L. Penrose
通讯作者:
L. Penrose
影响因子:
4.8
作者:
S. Kaufman
通讯作者:
S. Kaufman