Molecular basis and population genetics of phenylketonuria.

Molecular basis and population genetics of phenylketonuria.
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苯丙酮尿症的分子基础和群体遗传学。

DOI:
10.1021/bi00427a001
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发表时间:
1989
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Woo,SL
Woo,SL
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Woo,SL

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苯丙酮尿症及其生化病变。经典苯丙酮尿症(PKU)是由肝酶苯丙氨酸羟化酶(PAH)缺乏引起的,是氨基酸代谢先天性缺陷的典型例子。这种疾病会导致受影响的儿童严重智力低下,他们会在尿液中排出大量苯丙酮酸(Foiling,1934)。发现这种疾病一年后,彭罗斯(Penrose,1935)观察到,这是一种以常染色体隐性特征传播的遗传性疾病。十二年后,研究表明,正常人服用苯丙氨酸会导致血清酪氨酸迅速升高,但 PKU 患者却没有这种反应(Jervis,1947)。随后,研究表明,正常个体的死后肝脏样本能够在体外将苯丙氨酸转化为酪氨酸,而 PKU 患者的肝脏样本则不能,从而确定了苯丙酮尿症的生化基础(Jervis,1953)。苯丙氨酸羟化酶系统。苯丙氨酸羟基化为酪氨酸是一个复杂的生化反应。除了 PAH 之外,还需要第二种蛋白质组分才能将苯丙氨酸转化为酪氨酸(Mitoma,1956);随后将其鉴定为二氢蝶啶还原酶(Kaufman,1957、1959)。苯丙氨酸羟化酶是一种混合功能单加氧酶,在辅因子四氢生物蝶呤存在下,通过分子氧催化苯丙氨酸羟化为酪氨酸。在此反应期间,辅因子共氧化为醌类二氢生物蝶呤,随后通过二氢蝶啶还原酶将其还原为四氢形式(Kaufman,1976)。由于酶反应的复杂性,血清苯丙氨酸水平升高也可能是还原酶和/或参与四氢生物蝶呤生物合成的其他酶缺乏的结果(Kaufman 等,1975、1978;Leeming 等,1976)。本次审查涉及这项工作部分由 NIH Grant HD-17711 支持。 SLCW 是霍华德休斯医学研究所的研究员。
Phenylketonuria and Its Biochemical Lesion. Classical phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) and is a typical example of inborn errors in amino acid metabolism. The disorder causes severe mental retardation in affected children who excrete large quantities of phenylpyruvate in the urine (Foiling, 1934). A year after the discovery of the disease, Penrose (1935) observed that it was a genetic disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Twelve years afterward, it was shown that the administration of phenylalanine to normal humans led to prompt elevation in serum tyrosine, but the response was absent in patients with PKU (Jervis, 1947). Subsequently, it was demonstrated that post mortem liver samples from normal individuals were able to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine in vitro, while those from PKU patients could not, thereby defining the bichemical basis of phenylketonuria (Jervis, 1953). The Phenylalanine Hydroxylase System. The hydroxyla-tion of phenylalanine to tyrosine is a complex biochemical reaction. In additionto PAH, a second protein fraction was required to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine (Mitoma, 1956); this was subsequently identified as the enzyme dihydropteridine reductase (Kaufman, 1957, 1959). Phenylalanine hydroxylase is a mixed-function monooxygenase that catalyzes the hy-droxylation of phenylalanine to tyrosine by molecular oxygen in the presence of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. During this reaction the cofactor is cooxidized to quinonoid dihydrobiopterin, which is subsequently reduced to the tetra-hydro form by dihydropteridine reductase (Kaufman, 1976). Because of the complex nature of the enzymatic reaction, elevated serum phenylalanine levels can also be the result of enzymatic deficiency of the reductase and/or other enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (Kaufman et al., 1975, 1978; Leeming et al., 1976). This review deals tThis work was supported in part by NIH Grant HD-17711. SLCW is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
小鼠苯丙氨酸羟化酶基因座在 10 号染色体上的定位。
DOI: 10.1159/000132528
发表时间: 1988
期刊: Cytogenetics and cell genetics
影响因子: --
作者:
Ledley,FD;Ledbetter,SA;Ledbetter,DH;Woo,SL
通讯作者: Woo,SL
DOI: --
发表时间: 1978
影响因子: 158.5
作者:
S. Kaufman;S. Berlow;G. Summer;S. Milstien;J. Schulman;S. Orloff;S Spielberg;S. Pueschel
通讯作者: S. Pueschel
人类的 PKU 基因座位于 12 号染色体上。
DOI: --
发表时间: 1984
影响因子: 9.8
作者:
Lidksy,AS;Robson,KJ;Thirumalachary,C;Barker,PE;Ruddle,FH;Woo,SL
通讯作者: Woo,SL
苯丙酮性痴呆(苯丙酮尿症)的遗传
DOI: --
发表时间: 1935
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
L. Penrose
通讯作者: L. Penrose
苯丙氨酸酶促转化为酪氨酸。
DOI: --
发表时间: 1957
影响因子: 4.8
作者:
S. Kaufman
通讯作者: S. Kaufman