Anthropometric indications and nutritional intake of women in the Vaal Triangle, South Africa
Anthropometric indications and nutritional intake of women in the Vaal Triangle, South Africa
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DOI：
10.1016/j.puhe.2004.08.010
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发表时间：
2005-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Oldewage-Theron, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kesa, H;Oldewage-Theron, W
目标。本研究的主要目的是确定瓦尔三角地区孕妇和哺乳期妇女（n = 431）的人体测量指标和营养摄入量。设计和方法。本研究使用了经过验证的定量食物频率问卷。训练有素的现场工作人员在食物模型的帮助下进行采访，以估计份量大小。人体测量包括体重、身高和体重指数（BMI）。收集血样用于确定铁状态参数。结果。孕妇最常食用的10种物品按降序排列为：鲜牛奶、茶;咖啡;冷饮；玉米肉；果汁;面包;麻沟（不含酒精的发酵玉米饮料）；大米和糖。对于哺乳期妇女，结果是：新鲜牛奶；茶;咖啡;玉米肉；冷饮；马狗；面包;酸奶；大米和糖。孕妇每日摄入量（平均值+/-标准差）为8425.71+/-2279kJ、73.18+/-23g蛋白质、62.29+/-23.7g脂肪、292.45+/-72.2g碳水化合物和9.74+/-3.8mg铁。哺乳期女性的摄入量为8511.94+/-2047kJ、76.24+/-25g蛋白质、61.95+/-22.3g脂肪、294.37+/-64.2g碳水化合物和10.50+/-4.0mg铁。这项研究的结果显示，大多数女性（98%）居住在城镇，79.3%的女性失业。大多数样本人群超重或肥胖（BMI >= 25）。结论。受试者的饮食主要由植物性食物组成。除牛奶外，动物性食品十分匮乏。大多数消耗的物品都是铁丝。影响。缺铁的部分原因是植物性饮食中铁含量低，生物利用度差。需要对膳食摄入量进行评估，以帮助制定样本人群的相关膳食指南。 (c) 2004 年皇家公共卫生研究所。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Objectives. The main purpose of this study was to determine the anthropometric indications and nutritional intake of pregnant and lactating women in the Vaal Triangle (n = 431).Design and methods. A validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used in this study. Trained fieldworkers conducted interviews with the help of food models to estimate portion sizes. The anthropometric measurements included weight, height and body mass index (BMI). Blood samples were collected for determining iron status parameters.Results. The 10 items consumed most frequently by pregnant women were, in descending order: fresh milk; tea; coffee; cold drinks; maize meat; fruit juice; bread; magou (non-alcoholic fermented maize drink); rice and sugar. For Lactating women, the results were: fresh milk; tea; coffee; maize meat; cold drinks; magou; bread; yoghurt; rice and sugar. Daily intakes (mean +/- SD) for pregnant women were 8425.71 +/- 2279 kJ, 73.18 +/- 23 g protein, 62.29 +/- 23.7 g fat, 292.45 +/- 72.2 g carbohydrate and 9.74 +/- 3.8 mg iron. For Lactating women, the intakes were 8511.94 +/- 2047 kJ, 76.24 +/- 25 g protein, 61.95 +/- 22.3 g fat, 294.37 +/- 64.2 g carbohydrate and 10.50 +/- 4.0 mg iron. The results of this study showed that most of the women (98%) resided in towns and 79.3% were unemployed. The majority of the sample population was overweight or obese (BMI >= 25).Conclusions. The diets of the subjects consisted primarily of plant-based foods. Animal foods were scarce except for milk. Most of the items consumed were tow in iron. Implications. Iron deficiency is partly induced by plant-based diets containing low levels of poorly bio-available iron. An assessment of dietary intake is required to aid in the development of relevant dietary guidelines for the sample population. (c) 2004 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.