Eye Gaze and Aging: Selective and Combined Effects of Working Memory and Inhibitory Control.
Eye Gaze and Aging: Selective and Combined Effects of Working Memory and Inhibitory Control.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2017.00563
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Berry DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crawford TJ;Smith ES;Berry DM
眼动追踪作为神经心理和精神疾病早期症状的认知和生物学标志物越来越多地被研究。然而，为了取得进一步的进展，更全面地了解年龄对眼动追踪的影响是必不可少的。反扫视任务要求参与者在远离优势刺激的情况下进行扫视。关于在反跳任务中观察到的年龄相关差异的原因的推测主要集中在两个认知功能障碍的来源上：抑制控制（IC）和工作记忆（WM）。IC账户将认知减慢和任务错误视为抑制性认知机制下降的直接结果。另一种理论认为，WM的恶化是这些年龄相关的行为影响的原因。目前的研究评估了年轻和老年参与者中支撑扫视眼球运动的IC和WM过程。这是实现与三个实验条件，系统地改变了在反突击任务中的WM和IC征税的程度：记忆引导的任务被用来探索增加WM负载的效果;去/不去任务被用来探索增加抑制负载的效果;一个“标准”的反突击任务保留了标准的WM和抑制负载。扫视眼球运动也在控制条件下进行了检查：标准的前视任务，其中WM和IC的负载是最小的或不存在的。在所有条件下，将老年参与者的眼跳延迟、错误率和眼跳的空间准确性与健康年轻对照组的相同措施进行比较。结果表明，老化与IC和WM的变化有关。在老年组中，抑制负荷的增加与反应时间的增加有关，而WM负荷和抑制负荷的增加则导致了逆加速错误的增加。这些结果表明，老化与IC和WM的变化有关。
Eye-tracking is increasingly studied as a cognitive and biological marker for the early signs of neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders. However, in order to make further progress, a more comprehensive understanding of the age-related effects on eye-tracking is essential. The antisaccade task requires participants to make saccadic eye movements away from a prepotent stimulus. Speculation on the cause of the observed age-related differences in the antisaccade task largely centers around two sources of cognitive dysfunction: inhibitory control (IC) and working memory (WM). The IC account views cognitive slowing and task errors as a direct result of the decline of inhibitory cognitive mechanisms. An alternative theory considers that a deterioration of WM is the cause of these age-related effects on behavior. The current study assessed IC and WM processes underpinning saccadic eye movements in young and older participants. This was achieved with three experimental conditions that systematically varied the extent to which WM and IC were taxed in the antisaccade task: a memory-guided task was used to explore the effect of increasing the WM load; a Go/No-Go task was used to explore the effect of increasing the inhibitory load; a ‘standard’ antisaccade task retained the standard WM and inhibitory loads. Saccadic eye movements were also examined in a control condition: the standard prosaccade task where the load of WM and IC were minimal or absent. Saccade latencies, error rates and the spatial accuracy of saccades of older participants were compared to the same measures in healthy young controls across the conditions. The results revealed that aging is associated with changes in both IC and WM. Increasing the inhibitory load was associated with increased reaction times in the older group, while the increased WM load and the inhibitory load contributed to an increase in the antisaccade errors. These results reveal that aging is associated with changes in both IC and WM.
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影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Hommel, B;Pratt, J;Godijn, R
通讯作者：
Godijn, R
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2176-12.2012
发表时间：
2012-10-10
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Anderson S;Parbery-Clark A;White-Schwoch T;Kraus N
通讯作者：
Kraus N
影响因子：
29.3
作者：
FISCHER, B;WEBER, H
通讯作者：
WEBER, H
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
HALLETT, PE
通讯作者：
HALLETT, PE
DOI：
10.1016/s1385-299x(97)00027-5
发表时间：
1997-12-01
期刊：
BRAIN RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fischer, B;Gezeck, S;Hartnegg, K
通讯作者：
Hartnegg, K