The neural correlates of direct and reflected self-knowledge
The neural correlates of direct and reflected self-knowledge
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.069
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
D'Esposito, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ochsner, KN;Beer, JS;D'Esposito, M
苏格拉底说，为了过一种平衡的生活，一个人必须“认识自己”。在两个功能磁共振成像实验中，本研究考察了两种自我认知方式的中介机制：通过直接评价（即个人的自我信念）和反映评价（即个人对他人如何看待他或她的看法）。实验一检验了直接评价自我、亲近他人和特质可取性的规范性判断的共同和独特的神经基础。所有三种判断类型对内侧前额叶皮层（MPFC）的激活程度相似。实验2考察了(1)对自我、亲密他人或非亲密他人的直接评价和(2)从亲密他人或非亲密他人的角度作出的反映评价的共同和独特的神经基础。与实验1一致，所有判断类型都激活了MPFC。与他人相比，对自我的直接评价更强烈地调动了MPFC和右前额叶pfc。与反射性评价相比，直接评价调动了与第一人称视角相关的区域（扣带回后），而与直接评价相比，反射性评价调动了与情绪和记忆相关的区域（脑岛、眶额叶和颞叶皮层）。这些结果支持了MPFC介导元认知过程的模型，这些过程可能被用于根据特定任务的要求进行直接和反映的自我评价。(c) 2005爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Socrates said that in order to lead a balanced life one must, "know thyself." In two fMRI experiments, the present study examined the mechanisms mediating two ways in which the self can be known: through direct appraisals (i.e., an individual's own self-beliefs) and reflected appraisals (i.e., an individual's perception of how others view him or her). Experiment I examined the common and distinct neural bases of direct appraisals of the self, close others, and normative judgments of trait desirability. All three judgment types activated medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) to a similar degree. Experiment 2 examined the common and distinct neural bases of (1) direct appraisals of self, a close other or a non-close other, and (2) reflected appraisals made from the perspective of a close or a non-close other. Consistent with Experiment 1, all judgment types activated MPFC. Direct appraisals of the self as compared to others more strongly recruited MPFC and right rostrolateral PFC. Direct appraisals as compared to reflected appraisals recruited regions associated with a first-person perspective (posterior cingulate), whereas reflected as compared to direct appraisals recruited regions associated with emotion and memory (insula, orbitofrontal, and temporal cortex). These results support models suggesting that MPFC mediates meta-cognitive processes that may be recruited for direct and reflected self appraisals depending upon the demands of a specific task. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.