Naturally acquired microchimerism
Naturally acquired microchimerism
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DOI：
10.1387/ijdb.082767hg
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Nelson, J. Lee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gammill, Hilary S.;Nelson, J. Lee
双向经胎盘转运通常发生在正常妊娠期间，从胎儿到母亲，从母亲到胎儿。除了各种无细胞物质外，现在人们已经很好地认识到，一些细胞也可以交换。微嵌合体是指一个个体拥有的少量细胞(或DNA)起源于另一个基因不同的个体。虽然微嵌合体可能是医源性干预的结果，如移植或输血，但到目前为止，最常见的来源是怀孕期间母婴贩运自然产生的微嵌合体。微嵌合体是当前非常感兴趣的一个主题，原因有很多。在怀孕期间，可以从母亲的血液中寻找胎儿微嵌合体，用于产前诊断。此外，对怀孕期间胎儿微嵌合体的研究可能会提供对妊娠并发症(如先兆子痫)的洞察，以及对自身免疫性疾病(如类风湿性关节炎)的发病机制的洞察，类风湿性关节炎通常在怀孕期间得到改善。此外，现在已经知道，微嵌合体在几十年后仍然存在，怀孕妇女的胎儿微嵌合体和她的后代的母体微嵌合体都存在。对胎儿和母体微嵌合的长期后果的调查是积极研究的另一个令人兴奋的前沿，初步结果既有不利的影响，也有有益的影响。这篇综述将提供怀孕期间微嵌合体的概述，以及关于自然获得的胎儿和母体微嵌合体的长期影响的现有知识。
Bi-directional transplacental trafficking occurs routinely during the course of normal pregnancy, from fetus to mother and from mother to fetus. In addition to a variety of cell-free substances, it is now well recognized that some cells are also exchanged. Microchimerism refers to a small number of cells (or DNA) harbored by one individual that originated in a genetically different individual. While microchimerism can be the result of iatrogenic interventions such as transplantation or transfusion, by far the most common source is naturally acquired microchimerism from maternal-fetal trafficking during pregnancy. Microchimerism is a subject of much current interest for a number of reasons. During pregnancy, fetal microchimerism can be sought from the mother's blood for the purpose of prenatal diagnosis. Moreover, studies of fetal microchimerism during pregnancy may offer insight into complications of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, as well as insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis which usually ameliorates during pregnancy. Furthermore, it is now known that microchimerism persists decades later, both fetal microchimerism in women who have been pregnant and maternal microchimerism in her progeny. Investigation of the long-term consequences of fetal and maternal microchimerism is another exciting frontier of active study, with initial results pointing both to adverse and beneficial effects. This review will provide an overview of microchimerism during pregnancy and of current knowledge regarding long-term effects of naturally acquired fetal and maternal microchimerism.