Chemistry, distribution, and metabolism of tomato carotenoids and their impact on human health
Chemistry, distribution, and metabolism of tomato carotenoids and their impact on human health
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DOI：
10.1177/153537020222701002
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Katz, NB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khachik, F;Carvalho, L;Katz, NB
最近的流行病学研究表明，食用番茄和番茄食品可以降低人类患前列腺癌的风险。这种保护作用归因于类胡萝卜素，这是这种水果中主要的植物化学物质之一。番茄中最丰富的类胡萝卜素是番茄红素，其次是八氢番茄红素、六氢番茄红素、ζ-胡萝卜素、γ-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、脉孢烯和叶黄素。采用高效液相色谱-紫外/可见光二极管阵列检测法测定了番茄及番茄制品中番茄红素及相关类胡萝卜素的含量。对人血清、乳汁和器官（特别是前列腺）的详细定性和定量分析显示，所有上述类胡萝卜素都以生物学显著浓度存在。番茄红素的两种氧化代谢物，2，6-环番茄红素-1，5-二醇A和B，仅以极低浓度存在于番茄中，已在人血清、乳汁、器官（肝、肺、乳腺、肝、前列腺、结肠）和皮肤中分离和鉴定。类胡萝卜素也可能在预防老年性黄斑变性、白内障和其他致盲性疾病中发挥重要作用。在人血清中常见的25种膳食类胡萝卜素和9种代谢产物中，眼组织中主要检测到（3R，3 'R，6' R）-叶黄素、（3R，3 'R）-玉米黄质、番茄红素及其代谢产物。在这篇综述中，我们确定和量化的胡萝卜素的完整光谱汇集人类视网膜色素上皮细胞，睫状体，虹膜，透镜，并在葡萄膜和其他组织的人眼，以获得更好的洞察眼类胡萝卜素的代谢途径。虽然（3R，3 'R，6' R）-叶黄素、（3R，3 'R）玉米黄质及其代谢产物构成了人眼组织中的主要类胡萝卜素，但在睫状体和视网膜色素上皮中检测到高浓度的番茄红素和广泛的膳食类胡萝卜素。番茄红素和其他饮食中的胡萝卜素在预防老年性黄斑变性和其他眼病的可能作用进行了讨论。
Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that the consumption of tomatoes and tomato-based food products reduce the risk of prostate cancer in humans. This protective effect has been attributed to carotenoids, which are one of the major classes of phytochemicals in this fruit. The most abundant carotenoid in tomato is lycopene, followed by phytoene, phytofluene, zeta-carotene, gamma-carotene, beta-carotene, neurosporene, and lutein. The distribution of lycopene and related carotenoids in tomatoes and tomato-based food products has been determined by extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-UV/Visible photodiode array detection. Detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of human serum, milk, and organs, particularly prostate, have revealed the presence of all the aforementioned carotenoids in biologically significant concentrations. Two oxidative metabolites of lycopene, 2,6-cyclolycopene-1,5-diols A and B, which are only present in tomatoes in extremely low concentrations, have been isolated and identified in human serum, milk, organs (liver, lung, breast, liver, prostate, colon) and skin. Carotenoids may also play an important role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and other blinding disorders. Among 25 dietary carotenoids and nine metabolites routinely found in human serum, mainly (3R,3'R,6'R)-lutein, (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin, lycopene, and their metabolites were detected in ocular tissues. In this review we identified and quantified the complete spectrum of carotenolds from pooled human retinal pigment epithelium, ciliary body, iris, lens, and in the uveal tract and in other tissues of the human eye to gain a better insight into the metabolic pathways of ocular carotenoids. Although (3R.3'R,6'R)-lutein, (3R,3'R)zeaxanthin, and their metabolites constitute the major carotenolds in human ocular tissues, lycopene and a wide range of dietary carotenoids have been detected in high concentrations in ciliary body and retinal pigment epithelium. The possible role of lycopene and other dietary carotenolds in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases is discussed.