Impacts of environmental stressors on the water resources of intensively managed hydrologic systems
Impacts of environmental stressors on the water resources of intensively managed hydrologic systems
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DOI：
10.1002/hyp.13244
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发表时间：
2018-08
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
A. Botero‐Acosta;M. Chu;A. Stumpf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Botero‐Acosta;M. Chu;A. Stumpf
流域是一个复杂的系统，由于其表面和地下空间连接的水通量和生物化学过程，形成地球的关键地带。在集中管理的景观中，流域管理措施（WMPs）的实施调节了它们的短期响应，而气候变化控制了长期过程。了解它们对人为和自然压力的反应需要一种全面的方法，考虑到它们的多尺度时空联系。本研究的目的是模拟空间和时间上变化的WMPs和预计的气候变化对地表水和地下水资源的影响上桑格蒙河流域（USRB），在伊利诺伊州中部的分水岭极大地影响了农业和工业经营。基于物理的水文模型MIKE‐SHE用于模拟流域对不同WMP和气候条件的水文响应。WMP的模拟在整个流域的空间上变化，以确定响应谱和临界条件。在一般情况下，湿地和森林河岸缓冲区的情况下，造成平均径流量的减少，而作物轮作有不同的反应，这取决于实施的位置和假设的气候条件。森林河岸缓冲区在ESM 2M气候预测下的平均径流量减少了30%，而在CM3气候下的作物轮作计划预计增加了13%。模型结果表明，在USRB上安装瓷砖排水沟使地下水位深度（从地面算起）增加了56%，使农作物生产成为可能。USRB的地下水位似乎对未来的气候条件比对WMP的实施更敏感。WMP的影响取决于其应用的气候条件。在流域尺度上调查单个和组合压力源对关键区域的影响，可以在每个管理决策中对风险和权衡进行更全面的分析，从而有效利用资源。
Watersheds are complex systems due to their surface and subsurface spatially connected water fluxes and biochemical processes that shape Earth's critical zone. In intensively managed landscapes, the implementation of watershed management practices (WMPs) regulate their short‐term responses, whereas climate variability controls the long‐term processes. Understanding their responses to anthropogenic and natural stressors requires a holistic approach that takes into account their multiscale spatio‐temporal linkages. The objective of this study was to simulate the impacts of spatially and temporally varying WMPs and projected climate changes on the surface and groundwater resources in the Upper Sangamon River Basin (USRB), a watershed in central Illinois greatly impacted by agricultural and industrial operations. The physically based hydrologic model MIKE‐SHE was used to simulate the hydrologic responses of the basin to different WMPs and climatic conditions. The simulation of a WMP was varied spatially across the basin to determine the spectrum of responses and critical conditions. In general, the wetlands and forested riparian buffer scenarios were found to cause a reduction in the average streamflow, whereas crop rotation had varied responses depending on the location of implementation and the climate condition assumed. Reductions of up to 30% in the average streamflow were found for the forested riparian buffer under the ESM 2M climate projections, whereas an increase of up to 13% with the crop rotation schemes under CM3 climate was predicted. The model results showed that the installation of tile drains across the USRB increased the water table depth (from ground level) by up to 56%, making crop production possible. Groundwater level in USRB appeared to be more sensitive to future climatic conditions than to WMP implementation. The impacts of WMPs are determined to depend on the climate conditions under which they are applied. Investigating individual and combined stressors' effects over the critical zone at a watershed scale can lead to a more comprehensive analysis of the risk and trade‐offs in every managerial decision that will enable an efficient use of resources.