The roles of structural dynamics in the cellular functions of RNAs.

The roles of structural dynamics in the cellular functions of RNAs.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41580-019-0136-0
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发表时间:
2019-08
期刊:
Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Al-Hashimi HM
Al-Hashimi HM
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ganser LR;Kelly ML;Herschlag D;Al-Hashimi HM

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RNA折叠成3D结构,从简单的螺旋元件到复杂的三级结构和四级核糖核蛋白组装体。许多调节RNA的功能取决于它们的3D结构如何响应各种细胞条件而变化。在这篇综述中,我们研究了RNA的结构表征作为构象的动态集合,以不同的概率和不同的时间尺度形成,是如何提高我们对细胞中RNA功能的理解的。我们讨论了microRNA、核糖开关、核酶、转录后RNA修饰和RNA结合蛋白的基因调控机制,以及细胞环境和过程(如液-液相分离)如何影响RNA折叠和活性。新兴的RNA集成功能范式正在改变我们对RNA调控的观点和理解,从体外到体内,从描述到预测。
RNAs fold into 3D structures that range from simple helical elements to complex tertiary structures and quaternary ribonucleoprotein assemblies. The functions of many regulatory RNAs depend on how their 3D structure changes in response to a diverse array of cellular conditions. In this Review, we examine how the structural characterization of RNA as dynamic ensembles of conformations, which form with different probabilities and at different timescales, is improving our understanding of RNA function in cells. We discuss the mechanisms of gene regulation by microRNAs, riboswitches, ribozymes, post-transcriptional RNA modifications and RNA-binding proteins, and how the cellular environment and processes such as liquid-liquid phase separation may affect RNA folding and activity. The emerging RNA-ensemble–function paradigm is changing our perspective and understanding of RNA regulation, from in vitro to in vivo and from descriptive to predictive.
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