The Spanish Welfare State from Zapatero to Rajoy: Recalibration to Retrenchment
The Spanish Welfare State from Zapatero to Rajoy: Recalibration to Retrenchment
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从萨帕特罗到拉霍伊的西班牙福利国家：从调整到紧缩
DOI：
10.1057/9781137306623_11
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Pino
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Pino
西班牙福利国家的现代化和扩张主要是1982年至1996年总理费利佩·冈萨雷斯领导下的社会党政府的成就。然而，在这些年里，社会支出也受到经济政策要求的严格控制（del Pino &拉莫斯，2009; Guill é n，2010; Rodr í guez-Cabrero，2011）。本章证明了这一论断在社会党总理罗德里格斯·萨帕特罗（Rodr í guez Zapatero）的两届任期（2004 - 2011）中也是成立的。我认为，萨帕特罗政府在他的第一个任期和第二个任期开始时制定了一些改革举措，旨在使福利国家现代化和适应所谓的新的社会风险（移民，老龄化，家庭结构变化，新形式的贫困，等等），在比较文学中被称为重新校准（皮尔森2001）。但是，由于在应对经济危机和主权债务危机的过程中，政策方向普遍转向了紧缩和调整的要求，社会党政府在第二任期的后半段被迫取消了部分政策，并制定了代表福利国家紧缩的措施。原则上被认为是福利国家的捍卫者，为总理马里亚诺·拉霍伊（Mariano Rajoy）领导的右翼人民党（PP）政府（2011年12月起）制定进一步紧缩措施奠定了基础。在此之前，前右中锋
The modernization and expansion of Spain’s welfare state were largely accomplishments of the Socialist Party (PSOE) governments under Prime Minister Felipe Gonz á lez between 1982 and 1996. However, during those years, social spending was also firmly kept in check by economic policy requirements (del Pino & Ramos 2009; Guill é n 2010; Rodr í guez-Cabrero 2011). This chapter demonstrates that this assertion is also true for the two terms of Socialist prime minister Rodr í guez Zapatero (2004–11). I argue that Zapatero’s governments enacted some reform initiatives during his first term and the beginning of his second term aimed at modernizing and adapting the welfare state to the so-called new social risks (immigration, aging, changing family structure, new forms of poverty, among others), what in the comparative literature has been dubbed recalibration (Pierson 2001). However, due to the general change of policy direction in response to the economic and sovereign debt crises toward austerity and adjustment requirements, in the latter half of the second term the Socialist government was forced to undo some of these policies and enact measures that represented welfare state retrenchment.Moreover, the implementation of these measures by a left-wing party, which in principle was supposed to be a defender of the welfare state, set the stage for the enactment of further retrenchment measures by the right-wing Popular Party (PP) government under Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy (December 2011 onward). Until then, previous right-center