Sensitive Periods for Adolescent Alcohol Use Initiation: Predicting the Lifetime Occurrence and Chronicity of Alcohol Problems in Adulthood
Sensitive Periods for Adolescent Alcohol Use Initiation: Predicting the Lifetime Occurrence and Chronicity of Alcohol Problems in Adulthood
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DOI：
10.15288/jsad.2011.72.221
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Catalano, Richard F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guttmannova, Katarina;Bailey, Jennifer A.;Catalano, Richard F.
目的：本研究通过检验敏感期假设，即青春期早期（11-14岁）是一个脆弱的发展时期，在此期间开始饮酒是特别有害的，研究了酒精使用开始的年龄与成人酒精滥用和依赖之间的关系。方法：数据来自1981年招募的808名参与者的纵向小组。参与者在2008年被跟踪到33岁，保留率为92%。结果如下：发病前11岁（童年后期），酒精使用的启动在青春期早期相比，与成人酒精依赖的慢性增加，即使在占社会人口控制和其他物质使用的青春期。目前的研究没有发现任何证据表明青春期早期是开始饮酒的特别敏感时期。与经常饮酒和酒精依赖的慢性化有关的研究结果表明，21岁之前经常饮酒是有问题的，但没有一个青少年时期比其他时期更敏感。具体来说，虽然在21岁之前开始定期饮酒的所有年龄组在成年期的酒精依赖率更高，但在14岁或之前开始定期饮酒与酒精依赖的长期性无关，而不是在青春期中期或晚期开始定期饮酒。结论：研究结果表明，通过预防工作，早在小学年级，延迟饮酒的重要性。此外，预防工作应侧重于防止21岁之前开始经常饮酒。(J.酒精药物研究，72，221-231，2011）
Objective: This study examined the association between age at alcohol use onset and adult alcohol misuse and dependence by testing the sensitive-period hypothesis that early adolescence (11-14) is a vulnerable period of development during which initiating alcohol use is particularly harmful. Method: Data came from a longitudinal panel of 808 participants recruited in 1981. Participants were followed through age 33 in 2008 with 92% retention. Results: Onset of alcohol use before age 11 (late childhood), when compared with initiation during early adolescence, was related to an increased chronicity of adult alcohol dependence, even after accounting for sociodemographic controls and other substance use in adolescence. The present study finds no evidence that early adolescence is a particularly sensitive period for the onset of alcohol use. Findings related to the onset of regular alcohol use and the chronicity of alcohol dependence suggest that the onset of regular drinking before age 21 is problematic, but no one adolescent period is more sensitive than others. Specifically, although all age groups that started drinking regularly before age 21 had a greater rate of alcohol dependence in adulthood, initiation of regular use of alcohol at or before age 14 was not related to greater chronicity of alcohol dependence than the initiation of regular use of alcohol in middle or late adolescence. Conclusions: The findings suggest the importance of delaying the onset of alcohol use through prevention efforts as early as the elementary grades. In addition, prevention efforts should focus on preventing the onset of regular drinking before age 21. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 72, 221-231, 2011)