Neoliberalism and environmental justice in the United States environmental protection agency: Translating policy into managerial practice in hazardous waste remediation
Neoliberalism and environmental justice in the United States environmental protection agency: Translating policy into managerial practice in hazardous waste remediation
复制标题
美国环保局的新自由主义与环境正义：将政策转化为危险废物修复的管理实践
DOI：
10.1016/j.geoforum.2003.11.003
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
R. Holifield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Holifield
为了应对里根时代咄咄逼人的新自由主义的失败，克林顿政府寻求新的方法来促进和深化新自由主义计划。它的战略之一是发展“新社区主义”方案，以支持边缘化社区的政治赋权和经济自给自足。它的环境正义政策成为实现这些计划的重要工具。本文研究了美国环境保护局的一个地区办事处如何将克林顿政府的环境正义政策转化为对其管理者的实用指导方针。它调查了这些指导方针如何影响环境保护局清理危险废物场地计划中人员的工作。它询问克林顿政府对环境正义的方法--强调数据分析、有管理的公众参与和经济机会--如何帮助深化新自由主义项目，并改变风险和补救的地理位置。尽管环境保护局无法使环境正义社区“正常化”--使其成为克林顿政府赋权计划的标准化目标--但其环境正义政策既促成了危险废物风险分布的微妙变化，也使新社区主义计划的实施成为补救人员工作的重要组成部分。
In response to the failings of the aggressive neoliberalism of the Reagan era, the Clinton administration sought new ways to promote and deepen the neoliberal project. One of its strategies was to develop “neocommunitarian” programs to support political empowerment and economic self-sufficiency in marginalized communities. Its environmental justice policy became an important vehicle for delivering these programs. This paper examines ways in which one regional office of the US Environmental Protection Agency translated the Clinton administration's environmental justice policy into practical guidelines for its managers. It investigates how these guidelines affected the work of personnel in the EPA's program to clean up hazardous waste sites. It asks how the Clinton administration's approach to environmental justice––emphasizing data analysis, managed public participation, and economic opportunity––helped both to deepen the neoliberal project and to transform the geography of risk and remediation. Although the EPA was unable to “normalize” the environmental justice community––to make it a standardized target for the Clinton administration's empowerment programs––its environmental justice policy both contributed to subtle changes in the distribution of hazardous waste risk and made the delivery of neocommunitarian programs an important part of the work of remedial personnel.