Resilience, Fragility, and Adaptation: New Evidence on the Performance of UK High Streets during Global Economic Crisis and its Policy Implications
Resilience, Fragility, and Adaptation: New Evidence on the Performance of UK High Streets during Global Economic Crisis and its Policy Implications
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弹性、脆弱性和适应：全球经济危机期间英国大街表现及其政策影响的新证据
DOI：
10.1068/a44270
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Les Dolega
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Wrigley;Les Dolega
在政府越来越关注英国城镇中心和商业街的经济健康状况，以及由玛丽波塔斯领导的关于振兴商业街的独立调查将于2011年底前提交报告的时候，本文试图做出四点贡献。首先，注入到现有的证据基础，目前值得注意的是其稀疏，新的描述性证据的差异表现的样本超过250个城镇中心/高街在英国的四个地区，因为这些中心调整到全球经济危机的冲击波。第二，要解决的任务，理论化的性质，正在进行的复杂的调整，定位的政策，重要的发现在文件中提供的概念化的“弹性”的经济系统，特别是那些强调的预期或反应能力的系统，以尽量减少不稳定的冲击的影响，并侧重于弹性作为一个动态的和渐进的过程。第三，从理论驱动的统计模型中得出结论，说明中心样本所表现出的不同复原力或脆弱性的决定因素。第四，评估这些研究结果的影响，以及对“适应性弹性”的关注可能意味着旨在振兴英国城镇中心和商业街的政策建议和工具的设计。虽然一些文件的实证研究结果平行的专业商业研究公司已经出现，以填补需要图表后经济危机的英国零售中心的萎靡不振的建议，他们也显着扩展现有的知识。特别是，他们提供了新的洞察两个因素的影响-“多样性”的中心的预先存在的零售结构和“城镇中心第一”的政策符合“在中心”或“边缘的中心”企业食品店进入。虽然在试图保护和/或加强城镇中心和商业街的活力和可行性方面，人们通常将其描述为公众辩论中的两极对立，但我们的分析表明，情况可能并非如此。事实上，在我们的样本中，被证明最能抵御全球经济危机冲击波的零售中心的特点是多样性和企业食品店的进入。
At a time of increasing government concern with the economic health of UK town centres and high streets, and with an independent inquiry (led by Mary Portas) on Revitalising the High Street to report by the end of 2011, this paper seeks to make four contributions. First, to inject into an available evidence base, currently notable for its sparseness, new descriptive evidence on the differential performance of a sample of over 250 town centres/high streets in four regions of the UK as those centres adjusted to the shock wave of global economic crisis. Second, to address the task of theorising the nature of the complex adjustments underway by positioning the policy-significant findings provided in the paper within conceptualisations of ‘resilience’ in economic systems—particularly those which stress the anticipatory or reactive capacity of systems to minimise the impacts of a destabilising shock and which focus on resilience as a dynamic and evolutionary process. Third, to offer findings from theory-driven statistical modelling of the determinants of the differential resilience or fragility exhibited by that sample of centres. Fourth, to assess what the implications of those findings and a focus on ‘adaptive resilience’ might mean for the design of policy proposals and instruments aimed at revitalising UK town centres and high streets. Although some of the paper's empirical findings parallel those suggested by specialist commercial research companies which have emerged to fill the need to chart the posteconomic crisis malaise of UK retail centres, they also significantly extend available knowledge. In particular, they offer novel insight into the impact of two factors—‘diversity’ of a centre's preexisting retail structure and ‘town-centres-first’ policy-compliant ‘in-centre’ or ‘edge-of-centre’ corporate-foodstore entry. Although conventionally portrayed as polar opposites within popular debate in terms of attempts to protect and/or enhance the vitality and viability of town centres and high streets, our analysis suggests that this may not be the case. Indeed, the retail centres in our sample which proved most resilient to the shock wave of global economic crisis were characterised by both diversity and corporate-food-store entry.