Glucocorticoid receptors and behavior: implications for the stress response.
Glucocorticoid receptors and behavior: implications for the stress response.
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糖皮质激素受体和行为：对应激反应的影响。
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4899-2064-5_4
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sapolsky,RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McEwen,BS;Brinton,RE;Sapolsky,RM
应激诱导的糖皮质激素释放是垂体-肾上腺轴的两种手术模式之一。另一种是糖皮质激素水平的日变化。这两种操作模式都是。当然了。在中枢神经系统释放因子的推动下。CRR。与其他调节剂，如加压素和催产素(淡水河谷。这本书；普洛茨基。本卷；(1)。然而。压力诱导的释放是由于环境和经验因素，如热。冷的。焦虑。精神创伤和劳累。这会导致血液中糖皮质激素水平升高。从另一方面来说。垂体-肾上腺功能的昼夜变化是基于内源性振荡器(2)。尽管昼夜循环和对食物的期待都影响着节律(3.4)。当血液中糖皮质激素因昼夜变化或压力而升高时。荷尔蒙水平是由大脑和脑下垂体感知的。除了调节进一步的荷尔蒙输出之外。糖皮质激素对大脑的作用也会改变大脑功能和改变行为。对血液中糖皮质激素的感知是通过脑组织对激素的摄取及其与细胞内和细胞表面受体的相互作用来完成的。糖皮质激素的膜受体特性很差。只有一项已发表的结合研究(5)；这些受体的存在在很大程度上是由于糖皮质激素对激素释放和其他膜事件的快速反馈作用(6)。
Stress-induced release of glucocorticoids is one of two modes of operation of the pituitary-adrenal axis. the other being the diurnal variation of glucocorticoid levels. Both operating modes are. of course. driven by CNS release of the releasing factor. CRR. in combination with other modulators such as vasopressin and oxytocin (Vale. this volume; Plotsky. this volume;(1». However. stress-induced release is due to environmental and experiential factors such as heat. cold. anxiety. trauma and exertion. and it results in high levels of glucocorticoids in the blood. On the other hand. diurnal variation in pituitary-adrenal function is based upon an endogenous oscillator (2). although both the light-dark cycle and the anticipation of food entrain the rhythm (3. 4).When glucocorticoids are elevated in the blood by diurnal variations or by stress. the hormone level is sensed by the brain and pituitary. In addition to regulating further hormone output. glucocorticoid actions on the brain also modify brain function and change behavior. Sensing of glucocorticoids in the blood is accomplished by the uptake of hormone by brain tissue and its interaction with receptors within the cell and on the cell surface. Membrane receptors for glucocorticoids are poorly characterized. with only one published binding study (5); and the existence of these receptors is largely inferred from rapid feedback actions of g1ucocorticoids on hormone release and on other membrane events (6).