Composition of amino acids in feed ingredients for animal diets
Composition of amino acids in feed ingredients for animal diets
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DOI：
10.1007/s00726-010-0740-y
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Wu, Guoyao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Xilong;Rezaei, Reza;Wu, Guoyao
饲粮氨基酸（AA）对动物生长、发育、繁殖、哺乳和健康至关重要。然而，关于日粮中“营养非必需氨基酸”（NEAA，即可以由动物合成的氨基酸）的完整组成，目前还缺乏相关信息。为了提供一个急需的数据库，我们量化了饲料成分中的NEAA（包括谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬氨酸和天冬酰胺），并与“营养必需AA”（EAA，那些不能由动物形成碳骨架的AA）进行比较。除明胶和羽毛粉外，动物性和植物性原料中谷氨酸+谷氨酰胺、支链AA和天冬氨酸+天冬酰胺的含量均较高，分别占总蛋白质的10- 32%、15- 25%和8-14%。其中，亮氨酸和谷氨酰胺在血粉和酪蛋白中含量最高（分别占总蛋白的13%）。明胶、羽毛粉、鱼粉、肉骨粉和家禽副产品中甘氨酸、脯氨酸+羟脯氨酸和精氨酸的比例较高，分别为总蛋白质的10- 35%、9.6- 35%和7.2-7.9%。在植物产品中，花生粕和棉籽粕中精氨酸含量最高（占总蛋白的14-16%），而玉米和高粱中半胱氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和色氨酸含量较低（占总蛋白的0.9-3%）。总的来说，动物源性饲料成分（明胶除外）是家畜、禽类和水生物种的极好NEAA和EAA来源，而明胶提供了最高量的精氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸。因为酪蛋白、玉米、大豆、花生、鱼和明胶是儿童和成人的食物，我们的研究结果对人类营养也有重要意义。
Dietary amino acids (AA) are crucial for animal growth, development, reproduction, lactation, and health. However, there is a scarcity of information regarding complete composition of "nutritionally nonessential AA" (NEAA; those AA which can be synthesized by animals) in diets. To provide a much-needed database, we quantified NEAA (including glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, and asparagine) in feed ingredients for comparison with "nutritionally essential AA" (EAA; those AA whose carbon skeletons cannot be formed by animals). Except for gelatin and feather meal, animal and plant ingredients contained high percentages of glutamate plus glutamine, branched-chain AA, and aspartate plus asparagine, which were 10-32, 15-25, and 8-14% of total protein, respectively. In particular, leucine and glutamine were most abundant in blood meal and casein (13% of total protein), respectively. Notably, gelatin, feather meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, and poultry byproduct had high percentages of glycine, proline plus hydroxyproline, and arginine, which were 10-35, 9.6-35, and 7.2-7.9% of total protein, respectively. Among plant products, arginine was most abundant in peanut meal and cottonseed meal (14-16% of total protein), whereas corn and sorghum had low percentages of cysteine, lysine, methionine, and tryptophan (0.9-3% of total protein). Overall, feed ingredients of animal origin (except for gelatin) are excellent sources of NEAA and EAA for livestock, avian, and aquatic species, whereas gelatin provides highest amounts of arginine, glycine, and proline plus hydroxyproline. Because casein, corn, soybean, peanut, fish, and gelatin are consumed by children and adults, our findings also have important implications for human nutrition.