Future thinking improves prospective memory performance and plan enactment in older adults
Future thinking improves prospective memory performance and plan enactment in older adults
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DOI：
10.1080/17470218.2014.956127
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发表时间：
2015-01-02
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Kliegel, Matthias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Altgassen, Mareike;Rendell, Peter G.;Kliegel, Matthias
有效的意图形成可能会提高前瞻性记忆，减少资源需求的战略过程中的延迟性能间隔的需要。本研究旨在验证这一假设，并首次实证评估想象未来的行动是否会在成年人生命的不同阶段同等地改善前瞻性记忆表现。因此，年轻人（n = 40）和老年人（n = 40）被要求完成德累斯顿早餐任务，这要求他们按照一套规则和时间限制准备早餐。所有的参与者都先制定一个计划，然后再制定;然而，在制定这个计划之后，一半的参与者被要求想象自己在未来完成任务（未来思维条件），而另一半则接受标准指令（控制条件）。正如预期的那样，年轻人的整体表现优于老年人。此外，老年人和年轻人都同样受益于未来思维的指导，这反映在更高比例的前瞻性记忆反应和更准确的计划执行上。因此，对于年轻人和老年人来说，想象一个特定的视觉空间背景，在这个背景中，一个意图将在以后被执行，这可能是一个容易实施的策略，可以增强日常生活中的前瞻性记忆功能。
Efficient intention formation might improve prospective memory by reducing the need for resource-demanding strategic processes during the delayed performance interval. The present study set out to test this assumption and provides the first empirical assessment of whether imagining a future action improves prospective memory performance equivalently at different stages of the adult lifespan. Thus, younger (n = 40) and older (n = 40) adults were asked to complete the Dresden Breakfast Task, which required them to prepare breakfast in accordance with a set of rules and time restrictions. All participants began by generating a plan for later enactment; however, after making this plan, half of the participants were required to imagine themselves completing the task in the future (future thinking condition), while the other half received standard instructions (control condition). As expected, overall younger adults outperformed older adults. Moreover, both older and younger adults benefited equally from future thinking instructions, as reflected in a higher proportion of prospective memory responses and more accurate plan execution. Thus, for both younger and older adults, imagining the specific visual-spatial context in which an intention will later be executed may serve as an easy-to-implement strategy that enhances prospective memory function in everyday life.