Seasonality in the production of male larvae: a game model for parasitic barnacles (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala)
Seasonality in the production of male larvae: a game model for parasitic barnacles (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala)
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雄性幼虫生产的季节性：寄生藤壶的游戏模型（Cirripedia：Rhizocephala）
DOI：
10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa021
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Y. Iwasa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Yamaguchi;Y. Iwasa
许多寄生藤壶的雄性幼虫是浮游的，并季节性释放。为了获得繁殖成功，雄性必须被成功感染宿主的接受能力的雌性接受。为了了解寄生藤壶繁殖生物学的季节性，我们建立了雄性幼虫生产季节模式的进化博弈模型。假设雌性寄生藤壶按照给定的季节模式变得容易接受。双亲雌性(母亲)选择生产自己的雄性幼虫的时机，以实现最大的繁殖成功。在进化稳定的季节模式中，雄性幼虫的产量往往在一天内出现急剧高峰，表明雄性幼虫的生产具有很强的同步性，即使接受雌性幼虫的供应分布在整个繁殖季节也是如此。当雄性幼虫总数较大时，进化上稳定的雄性生产型式可能包括多个高峰，但从不呈现连续分布。这与之前为蝴蝶羽化模式开发的博弈模型非常不同，在这种模型中，进化上稳定的雄性蝴蝶羽化总是在交配季节的一小部分持续分布。作为浮游幼虫，雄性寄生藤壶在寻找接受能力的雌性方面天生能力有限，雌性可能会保持接受能力很多天，而在蝴蝶中，新出现的雌性在出现后一天内交配。
The male larvae of many parasitic barnacles are planktonic and are seasonally released. To achieve reproductive success, a male must be accepted by a receptive female that has successfully infected a host. To understand the seasonality of the breeding biology of parasitic barnacles, we developed an evolutionary game theoretical model for the seasonal pattern in the production of male larvae. Assumptions are that female parasitic barnacles become receptive following a given seasonal pattern. The parental females (mothers) choose the timing of producing their own male larvae to achieve maximum reproductive success. In the evolutionarily stable seasonal pattern, the production of male larvae often shows a sharp peak on a single day, indicating strongly synchronized production of male larvae, even when the supply of receptive females is distributed over the breeding season. When the total number of male larvae is large, the evolutionarily stable male production pattern may include multiple peaks, but it never shows a continuous distribution. This is very different from the game model previously developed for the emergence pattern of butterflies, where evolutionarily stable male emergence is always continuously distributed over a fraction of the mating season. As planktonic larvae, male parasitic barnacles have a naturally limited ability to find receptive females, and females may stay receptive for many days, whereas in butterflies, newly emerged females are mated within a day of their emergence.