Influence of sensation seeking on response to alcohol versus placebo: implications for the acquired preparedness model.
Influence of sensation seeking on response to alcohol versus placebo: implications for the acquired preparedness model.
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DOI：
10.15288/jsad.2014.75.136
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
C. Scott;W. Corbin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Scott;W. Corbin
先前的研究已经确定了与酗酒和问题相关的行为控制不足的几个方面。此外，对获得性准备模型的研究（Smith and Anderson, 2001）已经确定了偏见学习是这些影响的潜在机制。像寻求感觉这样的特征与更强的积极预期和更弱的消极预期有关，这反过来又增加了酗酒和其他问题的风险。尽管预期被认为代表了对饮酒结果的潜在偏见预期，但它们也可能反映了酒精反应的个体差异。本研究考察了感觉寻求与酒精下的预期（对安慰剂的反应）和主观反应之间的联系强度。方法采用受试者间设计，将年轻成年社交饮酒者（N = 236）随机分配接受酒精治疗(目标呼气酒精浓度为。08%)或安慰剂，之后他们报告了刺激和镇静的主观体验。结果：感觉寻求与兴奋剂反应显著相关，且这种关联的强度没有因饮料条件（酒精与安慰剂）而异。结论：该研究结果反驳了先前获得性准备模型研究结果的药理学解释，并支持对感觉寻求和积极期望之间关系的有偏见的学习解释。结果还将获得性准备模型的发现扩展到积极酒精预期的隐含测量（对安慰剂的主观反应）。使用内隐期望的其他测量方法（如内隐关联测试）的未来研究将有助于确定内隐期望和外显期望在获得性准备模型中作为中介的相对强度。
OBJECTIVE Previous research has identified several aspects of behavioral undercontrol that are associated with heavy drinking and problems. Further, research on the acquired preparedness model (Smith and Anderson, 2001) has identified biased learning as a potential mechanism of these effects. Traits like sensation seeking have been linked to stronger positive and weaker negative expectancies, which, in turn, contribute to increased risk for heavy drinking and problems. Although expectancies are thought to represent potentially biased expectations about drinking outcomes, they may also reflect individual differences in alcohol response. The present study examined the strength of associations between sensation seeking and both expectancies (response to placebo) and subjective response under alcohol. METHOD Using a between-subjects design, young adult social drinkers (N = 236) were randomly assigned to receive alcohol (target breath alcohol concentration of .08%) or placebo, after which they reported on subjective experiences of stimulation and sedation. RESULTS Sensation seeking was significantly related to stimulant response, and the strength of this association did not differ by beverage condition (alcohol vs. placebo). CONCLUSIONS The findings argue against a pharmacological explanation for results of prior studies of the acquired preparedness model and support a biased learning interpretation of relations between sensation seeking and positive expectancies. Results also extend the findings on the acquired preparedness model to an implicit measure of positive alcohol expectancies (subjective response to placebo). Future studies using additional measures of implicit expectancies (e.g., Implicit Association Test) would be helpful in determining the relative strength of implicit and explicit expectancies as mediators within the acquired preparedness model.