Solid-phase extraction as sample preparation of water samples for cell-based and other in vitro bioassays.
Solid-phase extraction as sample preparation of water samples for cell-based and other in vitro bioassays.
复制标题
固相萃取作为水样的样品制备，用于基于细胞的生物测定和其他体外生物测定。
DOI：
10.1039/c7em00555e
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Escher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Neale;W. Brack;S. Aït;W. Busch;J. Hollender;M. Krauss;Emmanuelle Maillot;N. Munz;R. Schlichting;T. Schulze;Bernadette Vogler;B. Escher
体外生物测定法越来越多地用于水质监测。地表水样品通常需要富集以观察效果，固相萃取（SPE）通常用于此目的。所应用的方法通常针对目标化学物质的回收进行优化，而不是针对生物测定的效果回收进行优化。对少数评价SPE生物测定回收率的研究的回顾表明，缺乏实验确定的回收率。因此，我们系统地测量了579种有机化学物质的混合物的效果回收率，这些化学物质涵盖了广泛的物理化学性质，这些化学物质被加入到原始水样中，并使用大体积固相萃取（LVSPE）进行提取。采用指示外源代谢激活、激素受体介导效应和适应性应激反应的试验，通过细胞毒性测量确定非特异性效应。总的来说，大多数生物测定的效果回收率与化学回收率相似，LVSPE空白没有效果。与单层固相萃取相比，多层固相萃取对加标化学物质的回收率更高，但在高富集时，空白会引发细胞毒性。化学回收数据和单一化学效应数据被用于回顾性估计反向回收模型，在已发表的地表水监测研究中，由于SPE采收率降低，预期的效应损失通常小于30%。有针对性的实验和混合物建模的结合清楚地显示了SPE作为地表水样品的样品制备方法的实用性，但也强调了在提取方法适应化学分析工作流程时需要适当的控制。
In vitro bioassays are increasingly used for water quality monitoring. Surface water samples often need to be enriched to observe an effect and solid-phase extraction (SPE) is commonly applied for this purpose. The applied methods are typically optimised for the recovery of target chemicals and not for effect recovery for bioassays. A review of the few studies that have evaluated SPE recovery for bioassays showed a lack of experimentally determined recoveries. Therefore, we systematically measured effect recovery of a mixture of 579 organic chemicals covering a wide range of physicochemical properties that were spiked into a pristine water sample and extracted using large volume solid-phase extraction (LVSPE). Assays indicative of activation of xenobiotic metabolism, hormone receptor-mediated effects and adaptive stress responses were applied, with non-specific effects determined through cytotoxicity measurements. Overall, effect recovery was found to be similar to chemical recovery for the majority of bioassays and LVSPE blanks had no effect. Multi-layer SPE exhibited greater recovery of spiked chemicals compared to LVSPE, but the blanks triggered cytotoxicity at high enrichment. Chemical recovery data together with single chemical effect data were used to retrospectively estimate with reverse recovery modelling that there was typically less than 30% effect loss expected due to reduced SPE recovery in published surface water monitoring studies. The combination of targeted experiments and mixture modelling clearly shows the utility of SPE as a sample preparation method for surface water samples, but also emphasizes the need for adequate controls when extraction methods are adapted from chemical analysis workflows.