Quantifying exposure of bumblebee (Bombus spp.) queens to pesticide residues when hibernating in agricultural soils
Quantifying exposure of bumblebee (Bombus spp.) queens to pesticide residues when hibernating in agricultural soils
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DOI：
10.1101/2022.05.10.491216
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发表时间：
2022-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sabrina Rondeau;N. Baert;S. McArt;N. E. Raine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sabrina Rondeau;N. Baert;S. McArt;N. E. Raine
暴露于农药是大黄蜂（熊蜂属）的主要威胁。健康在温带地区，许多大黄蜂种类的蜂王在地下冬眠数月，使它们面临暴露于土壤污染物的潜在高风险。大黄蜂在冬眠期间暴露于农业土壤中残留物的程度目前尚不清楚，这限制了我们对大黄蜂整个生命周期的完整农药麻烦的理解。为了估计越冬大黄蜂蜂王对农药残留的实地暴露量，我们于2019-2020年秋季在整个南安大略（加拿大）的6个苹果园和13个多样化农场对与合适的可能冬眠地点相对应的地区进行了土壤采样。在对66个土壤样品进行多农药残留分析（UPLC-MS/MS）时，发现65个样品中含有可检测水平的农药。在土壤中共检测出53种有效成分，包括27种杀菌剂、13种杀虫剂和13种除草剂。总体而言，果园土壤的检测频率，残留水平（中位数= 37.8与2.2纳克/克），每个样本的农药数量（平均值= 12.3与4.3 AI）是最高的土壤相比，从多样化的农场。91%的样品含有多种残留物，包括可能导致协同效应的杀虫剂和杀真菌剂的混合物。每个土壤样品检测到多达29种不同的人工免疫。我们的研究结果表明，在农业地区冬眠时，熊蜂蜂王很可能暴露于土壤中广泛的农药残留。我们的研究表明，经验测试的潜在影响土壤中的农药残留的大黄蜂皇后，使用现场暴露数据，如这里产生的重要性。我们在种植系统之间检测到的暴露差异也可以用来更好地为管理农业杀虫剂使用的法规提供信息，特别是在苹果园中。
Exposure to pesticides is a major threat to bumblebee (Bombus spp.) health. In temperate regions, queens of many bumblebee species hibernate underground for several months, putting them at potentially high risk of exposure to soil contaminants. The extent to which bumblebees are exposed to residues in agricultural soils during hibernation is currently unknown, which limits our understanding of the full pesticide exposome for bumblebees throughout their lifecycle. To generate field exposure estimates for overwintering bumblebee queens to pesticide residues, we sampled soils from areas corresponding to suitable likely hibernation sites at six apple orchards and 13 diversified farms throughout Southern Ontario (Canada) in fall 2019-2020. Detectable levels of pesticides were found in 65 of 66 soil samples analysed for multi-pesticide residues (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 53 active ingredients (AIs) were detected in soils, including 27 fungicides, 13 insecticides, and 13 herbicides. Overall, the frequency of detection, residue levels (median = 37.8 vs. 2.2 ng/g), and number of pesticides per sample (mean = 12.3 vs. 4.3 AIs) were highest for orchard soils compared to soils from diversified farms. Ninety-one percent of samples contained multiple residues, including mixtures of insecticides and fungicides that might lead to synergistic effects. Up to 29 different AIs were detected per soil sample. Our results suggest that when hibernating in agricultural areas, bumblebee queens are very likely to be exposed to a wide range of pesticide residues in soil. Our study indicates the importance of empirically testing the potential effects of pesticide residues in soils for hibernating bumblebee queens, using field exposure data such as those generated here. The differences in exposure that we detected between cropping systems can also be used to better inform regulations that govern the use of agricultural pesticides, notably in apple orchards.