Cross-cultural differences and similarities in proneness to shame: an adaptationist and ecological approach.
Cross-cultural differences and similarities in proneness to shame: an adaptationist and ecological approach.
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DOI：
10.1177/147470491201000213
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发表时间：
2012-06-29
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tooby J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sznycer D;Takemura K;Delton AW;Sato K;Robertson T;Cosmides L;Tooby J
人们感到羞耻的容易程度不同，也就是说，他们的羞耻倾向不同。根据羞耻感的信息威胁理论，羞耻感倾向的变化在一定程度上应该受到一个人的社会生态特征的调节。根据这种观点，羞耻是一种情绪程序，它的进化是为了减轻损害声誉的信息传播给他人的可能性或成本。在形成新关系的可能性较少的社会环境中（即，关系流动性低），破坏或失去现有关系的代价更高。因此，对当前关系伴侣的羞耻倾向应该随着感知到的关系流动性的降低而增加。相比之下，与之没有或几乎没有关系史的人很容易被替换，因此对他们的依赖倾向不应该受到关系流动性的影响。我们通过测量日本、美国和英国的关系流动性和对朋友和陌生人的羞耻倾向来测试这些预测。日本的受试者比英国和美国的受试者更容易抑郁。重要的是，较低的关系流动性与更大的羞耻倾向对朋友（而不是陌生人），这种关系部分介导的文化差异的羞耻倾向。羞耻倾向似乎是针对一个人的社会生态的相关特征而设计的。
People vary in how easily they feel ashamed, that is, in their shame proneness. According to the information threat theory of shame, variation in shame proneness should, in part, be regulated by features of a person’s social ecology. On this view, shame is an emotion program that evolved to mitigate the likelihood or costs of reputation-damaging information spreading to others. In social environments where there are fewer possibilities to form new relationships (i.e., low relational mobility), there are higher costs to damaging or losing existing ones. Therefore, shame proneness toward current relationship partners should increase as perceived relational mobility decreases. In contrast, individuals with whom one has little or no relationship history are easy to replace, and so shame-proneness towards them should not be modulated by relational mobility. We tested these predictions cross-culturally by measuring relational mobility and shame proneness towards friends and strangers in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Japanese subjects were more shame-prone than their British and American counterparts. Critically, lower relational mobility was associated with greater shame proneness towards friends (but not strangers), and this relationship partially mediated the cultural differences in shame proneness. Shame proneness appears tailored to respond to relevant features of one’s social ecology.