The Pacific El Niño Phenomenon and the Atlantic Circulation
The Pacific El Niño Phenomenon and the Atlantic Circulation
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太平洋厄尔尼诺现象与大西洋环流
DOI：
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发表时间：
1978
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Hastenrath
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. L. Covey;S. Hastenrath
基于1911 - 1971年的长期船舶观测资料，研究了与厄瓜多尔/秘鲁厄尔尼诺及其反现象相关的热带大西洋和东太平洋大气-海洋偏离型。本文给出了任意一种状态下的10个极端年的合成图，其中3月/ 4月的海平面气压、风速和海温的离差图。对大海域从前年到事件年SLP异常的演变进行了追踪。计算高斯概率和二项概率作为衡量SLP偏离的重要性。厄尔尼诺年的特点是南太平洋东部海面高度异常低，大西洋海面高度异常正；太平洋上空的风比平时弱，大西洋上空的风比平时强；海温异常在太平洋为正，而在从西非向南美海岸延伸的大西洋带为负。在反厄尔尼诺年，离境模式大约是反向的。
Abstract Atmospheric–oceanic departure patterns in the tropical Atlantic and eastern Pacific associated with the Ecuador/Peru El Ninno and its antithesis are studied on the basis of long-term ship observations during 1911–71. Departure maps of sea level pressure (SLP), wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) in March/April are presented for composite of ten extreme years of either regime. The evolution of SLP anomalies from the preceding to the event year is traced for large ocean areas. Gaussian and binomial probabilities are calculated as a measure of the importance of SLP departures. El Nino years are characterized by abnormally low SLP over the eastern South Pacific and positive SLP anomalies over the Atlantic; winds are weaker than normal over the Pacific, and stronger over the Atlantic; SST anomalies are positive in the Pacific, but negative in a band of the Atlantic extending from West Africa toward the South American coast. During counter-El Nino years, departure patterns am approximately inv...