Temporal and spatial variations in periglacial soil movements on alpine crest slopes
Temporal and spatial variations in periglacial soil movements on alpine crest slopes
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/esp.1125
复制
发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Matsuoka, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matsuoka, N
本文描述了十年来对日本和瑞士阿尔卑斯山高山山顶斜坡的冻胀、蠕变和相关参数的连续监测，旨在评估土壤运动速率和控制的空间和年际变化。反映昼夜冻胀活动的浅霜蠕变在缺乏植被垫且具有薄碎片地幔且排水良好的山顶斜坡上占主导地位。季节性冻胀活动可引起稍深的运动，其中细土存在于每日冻融渗透所达到的深度以下，尽管浅基岩阻碍了 20 厘米深度以下的运动。因此，下坡速度剖面显示出强凹性，表面速度为 2-50 cm a(-1)。霜冻蠕变速率在空间上有所不同，具体取决于土壤质地、坡度、0°C 温度循环频率以及冻融期间的可用水分。尽管受季节性积雪长度和冻融期间降水发生的影响，土壤运动在每个冻融期间都会出现一些年际变化。瑞士阿尔卑斯山的年际变化比日本阿尔卑斯山更显着，反映出年雪情的巨大变化。版权所有 (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
This paper describes tip to ten years of continuous monitoring of frost heave, creep and associated parameters on high mountain crest slopes in the Japanese and Swiss Alps, aiming to evaluate spatial and interannual variations in the rates and controls of soil movement. Shallow frost creep reflecting diurnal frost heave activity dominates the crest slopes that lack a vegetation mat and have a thin debris mantle with good drainage. Seasonal frost heave activity can induce slightly deeper movement where fine soil exists below the depth reached by diurnal freeze-thaw penetration, although the shallow bedrock impedes movements below 20 cm depth. As a result, downslope velocity profiles display strong concavity with surface velocities of 2-50 cm a(-1). The frost creep rates vary spatially, depending on the soil texture, slope gradient, frequency of temperature cycling across 0degreesC and moisture availability during freeze-thaw periods. Soil movements recur in every freeze-thaw period, although with some interannual variations affected by the length of seasonal snow cover and the occurrence of precipitation during freeze-thaw periods. The Swiss Alps encounter more significant interannual variations than the Japanese Alps, reflecting the large variability of the annual snow regime. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.