Assessing Support for DNS-over-TCP in the Wild

Assessing Support for DNS-over-TCP in the Wild
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评估对 DNS-over-TCP 的实际支持

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-98785-5_22
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Lecture notes in computer science
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mao, J: Rabinovich
Mao, J: Rabinovich
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
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作者:
Mao, J: Rabinovich

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虽然DNS协议包含UDP和TCP作为其底层传输,但UDP在实践中通常使用。与此同时,越来越大的DNS响应和对放大拒绝服务攻击的担忧提高了通过TCP进行DNS交互的兴趣。本文从几个角度调查了已部署的DNS基础设施中对DNS-over-TCP的支持。首先,我们评估了负责超过66.2%到达主要内容交付网络(CDN)的外部DNS查询的解析器。我们发现,2.7%到4.8%的解析器,占我们研究的解析器到达CDN的所有查询的1.1%到4.4%,在权威DNS服务器的指示下,没有正确地回退到TCP。如果内容提供商决定采用TCP回退作为切换到DNS-over-TCP的手段,它将面临相应的客户流失。其次,我们评估了超过1000万个域名和许多CDN的权威DNS服务器(ADNS),并发现一些ADNS,服务于一些流行的网站和一些CDN,不支持DNS-over-TCP。这些ADNS将拒绝为选择切换到仅TCP交互的(RFC兼容)解析器提供服务。第三,我们研究了DNS参与者的TCP连接重用行为,并描述了DNS参与者在TCP连接重用中的竞争条件,如果DNS-over-TCP和其他基于TCP的DNS协议(如DNS-over-TLS)得到广泛使用,这可能会成为一个重要问题。
While the DNS protocol encompasses both UDP and TCP as its underlying transport, UDP is commonly used in practice. At the same time, increasingly large DNS responses and concerns over amplification denial of service attacks have heightened interest in conducting DNS interactions over TCP. This paper surveys the support for DNS-over-TCP in the deployed DNS infrastructure from several angles. First, we assess resolvers responsible for over 66.2% of the external DNS queries that arrive at a major content delivery network (CDN). We find that 2.7% to 4.8% of the resolvers, contributing around 1.1% to 4.4% of all queries arriving at the CDN from the resolvers we study, do not properly fallback to TCP when instructed by authoritative DNS servers. Should a content provider decide to employ TCP-fallback as the means of switching to DNS-over-TCP, it faces the corresponding loss of its customers. Second, we assess authoritative DNS servers (ADNS) for over 10M domains and many CDNs and find some ADNS, serving some popular websites and a number of CDNs, that do not support DNS-over-TCP. These ADNS would deny service to (RFC-compliant) resolvers that choose to switch to TCP-only interactions. Third, we study the TCP connection reuse behavior of DNS actors and describe a race condition in TCP connection reuse by DNS actors that may become a significant issue should DNS-over-TCP and other TCP-based DNS protocols, such as DNS-over-TLS, become widely used.
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