Rethinking ideology.
Rethinking ideology.
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重新思考意识形态。
DOI：
10.2190/0fbg-n8dg-t8n5-q44p
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Young
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Young
反思医学与意识形态的关系，就是要考察意识形态知识功效的根源。只有在调查完成之后，才有可能提出关于统治和霸权的主张。为了重新思考意识形态，将该领域分为三个分析层次是有用的：意识形态知识层次，在这个层次上，产生了多种多样的、相互矛盾的事实和意义，并逐渐占据了个人的意识;意识形态话语层次，在这个层次上，意识形态知识被组织成主导事实和意义的轨迹;在意识形态过程的层面，话语被赋予权威，有时被纳入意识形态霸权。然而，这样的研究要求我们拒绝某些关于“合理性”的先入之见。“在哲学家们使用这个术语的主权意义上，它具有通过使意识形态知识的生产方式去社会化来隐藏意识形态知识的起源的效果。正确地理解，合理性只是社会决定的和嵌入的合理化过程中的一个因素，通过这个过程产生了占主导地位的事实和意义。只有区分理性（心灵的一个方面）和合理化（社会过程），才有可能澄清意识形态、医学和科学之间的关系。
Rethinking the relationship between medicine and ideology means investigating the origins of the efficacy of ideological knowledge. Only after this investigation is completed is it possible to advance claims about dominance and hegemony. In order to rethink ideology, it is useful to divide the field into three levels of analysis: the level of ideological knowledge, where manifold and contradictory facts and meanings are produced and come to occupy the consciousness of the individual; the level of ideological discourse, where ideological knowledge is organized into trajectories of dominant facts and meanings; and the level of ideological process, where discourses are given authority and, sometimes, incorporated into ideological hegemonies. However, such an investigation requires that we reject certain preconceptions about "rationality." In the sovereign sense in which empiricist writers use this term, it has the effect of hiding the origins of ideological knowledge by desocializing its mode of production. Correctly understood, rationality is only one element within a socially determined and embedded rationalization process through which dominant facts and meanings are produced. Only by distinguishing between rationality (an aspect of mind) and rationalization (a social process) is it possible to clarify the relationship between ideology, medicine, and science.