Glacial melt content of water use in the tropical Andes
Glacial melt content of water use in the tropical Andes
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/aa926c
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发表时间：
2017-11
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
W. Buytaert;S. Moulds;L. Acosta;Bert de Bièvre;C. Olmos;M. Villacís;C. Tovar;K. Verbist
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Buytaert;S. Moulds;L. Acosta;Bert de Bièvre;C. Olmos;M. Villacís;C. Tovar;K. Verbist
冰川加速融化预计将对山区及其邻近低地的水资源产生负面影响，热带山区是最脆弱的地区之一。为了量化这些影响，有必要了解冰川融化的变化动态，但也有必要绘制出冰川融化水对当前和未来用水的贡献，这种情况往往发生在冰川末端下游相当远的地方。虽然人们对热带冰川融化的动态有了越来越多的了解和记录，但关于热带冰川融水的贡献如何通过水文系统传播，以及它如何促进下游地区各种类型的人类用水，仍然存在重大不确定性。因此，在本文中，我们提供了主要热带冰川下游地区当前水需求的详细区域地图。我们将这些地图与区域水平衡模型相结合，以前所未有的规模和分辨率确定冰川融水对人类用水贡献的主要时空模式。我们发现，持续依赖长期平均贡献高(25%)冰川融化的水资源的用户数量很低(39.1万家庭用户、398平方公里的灌溉土地和11兆瓦的水电生产)，但这种依赖在干旱条件下急剧增加(在干旱年最干燥的月份，高达392万家庭用户、2096平方公里的灌溉土地和732兆瓦的水电生产)。很大一部分家庭和农业用户位于气候适应能力往往较低的农村地区。因此，我们建议，适应战略应侧重于增加自然和人工蓄水和调节能力，以弥合干旱时期。
Accelerated melting of glaciers is expected to have a negative effect on the water resources of mountain regions and their adjacent lowlands, with tropical mountain regions being among the most vulnerable. In order to quantify those impacts, it is necessary to understand the changing dynamics of glacial melting, but also to map how glacial meltwater contributes to current and future water use, which often occurs at considerable distance downstream of the terminus of the glacier. While the dynamics of tropical glacial melt are increasingly well understood and documented, major uncertainty remains on how the contribution of tropical glacial meltwater propagates through the hydrological system, and hence how it contributes to various types of human water use in downstream regions. Therefore, in this paper we present a detailed regional mapping of current water demand in regions downstream of the major tropical glaciers. We combine these maps with a regional water balance model to determine the dominant spatiotemporal patterns of the contribution of glacial meltwater to human water use at an unprecedented scale and resolution. We find that the number of users relying continuously on water resources with a high (>25%) long-term average contribution from glacial melt is low (391 000 domestic users, 398 km2 of irrigated land, and 11 MW of hydropower production), but this reliance increases sharply during drought conditions (up to 3.92 million domestic users, 2096 km2 of irrigated land, and 732 MW of hydropower production in the driest month of a drought year). A large proportion of domestic and agricultural users are located in rural regions where climate adaptation capacity tends to be low. Therefore, we suggest that adaptation strategies should focus on increasing the natural and artificial water storage and regulation capacity to bridge dry periods.