OPTIMISM, COPING, AND HEALTH - ASSESSMENT AND IMPLICATIONS OF GENERALIZED OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES
OPTIMISM, COPING, AND HEALTH - ASSESSMENT AND IMPLICATIONS OF GENERALIZED OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219
复制
发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
CARVER, CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SCHEIER, MF;CARVER, CS
本文描述了一个衡量性格乐观的量表，定义为广义的结果预期。两项初步研究评估了量表的心理测量特性及其与其他几种工具的关系。然后，该量表被用于一组大学生的症状报告的纵向研究。具体来说，受访者被要求完成三份问卷4周前的学期结束。在调查表电池包括乐观的措施，私人自我意识的措施，和39项身体症状检查表。受试者在课程的最后一天再次完成相同的问卷。与预测一致，最初报告高度乐观的受试者随后报告受到症状困扰的可能性较小（即使在纠正初始症状报告水平之后），而最初报告不太乐观的受试者也是如此。这种影响在私人自我意识高的人中往往比私人自我意识低的人更强。讨论集中在乐观量表的其他健康相关的应用，以及我们的理论取向和几个相关理论之间的关系。
This article describes a scale measuring dispositional optimism, defined in terms of generalized outcome expectancies. Two preliminary studies assessed the scale’s psychometric properties and its relationships with several other instruments. The scale was then used in a longitudinal study of symptom reporting among a group of undergraduates. Specifically, respondents were asked to complete three questionnaires 4 weeks before the end of a semester. Included in the questionnaire battery was the measure of optimism, a measure of private self-consciousness, and a 39-item physical symptom checklist. Subjects completed the same set of questionnaires again on the last day of class. Consistent with predictions, subjects who initially reported being highly optimistic were subsequently less likely to report being bothered by symptoms (even after correcting for initial symptom-report levels) than were subjects who initially reported being less optimistic. This effect tended to be stronger among persons high in private self-consciousness than among those lower in private self-consciousness. Discussion centers on other health related applications of the optimism scale, and the relationships between our theoretical orientation and several related theories.