Blood-brain barrier and retroviral infections.
Blood-brain barrier and retroviral infections.
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DOI：
10.4161/viru.19697
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发表时间：
2012-03
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ceccaldi PE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller F;Afonso PV;Gessain A;Ceccaldi PE
中枢神经系统（CNS）的稳态是由血流和脑实质之间的活性界面维持的。血脑屏障（BBB）构成了水、溶质、营养物质交换的选择性过滤器，并控制有毒化合物或病原体的进入。然而，一些寄生虫、细菌和病毒已经发展出各种CNS侵入策略，并且可以绕过脑屏障。关于病毒，这些策略包括沿着神经通路的运输、转胞吞作用、脑内皮细胞的感染、BBB的破坏和感染的白细胞的通过。此外，嗜神经病毒可改变BBB功能，从而损害CNS稳态。逆转录病毒与人类神经系统疾病有关：HIV（人类免疫缺陷病毒1）可诱导HIV相关性痴呆，HTLV-1（人类T淋巴细胞病毒1）是热带痉挛性下肢轻瘫/HTLV-1相关性脊髓病（TSP/HAM）的病因。本综述着重于不同的逆转录病毒如何与这种结构相互作用，绕过它并改变其功能。
Homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS) is maintained by active interfaces between the bloodstream and the brain parenchyma. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a selective filter for exchange of water, solutes, nutrients, and controls toxic compounds or pathogens entry. Some parasites, bacteria, and viruses have however developed various CNS invasion strategies, and can bypass the brain barriers. Concerning viruses, these strategies include transport along neural pathways, transcytosis, infection of the brain endothelial cells, breaching of the BBB, and passage of infected-leukocytes. Moreover, neurotropic viruses can alter BBB functions, thus compromising CNS homeostasis. Retroviruses have been associated to human neurological diseases: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus 1) can induce HIV-associated dementia, and HTLV-1 (human T lymphotropic virus 1) is the etiological factor of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). The present review focuses on how the different retroviruses interact with this structure, bypass it and alter its functions.