Sex-biased dispersal in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Sex-biased dispersal in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03286.x
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Petit, Eric J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Douadi, Melanie I.;Gatti, Sylvain;Petit, Eric J.
我们探讨了两个假设有关的潜在差异性别之间的传播行为在西部低地大猩猩（大猩猩大猩猩）。直接观察表明，未成熟的女性有更多的机会之间移动的繁殖组比未成熟的男性。然而，群体内部和群体之间亲属二元关系的分布并不支持这一假设。在更大的地理尺度上，雄性的扩散可能比雌性更容易，因为大多数黑背在建立自己的繁殖群体之前都会经历孤独的阶段。然而，以前的工作表明，男性定居优先接近男性亲属。通过用线粒体和Y染色体遗传标记专门追踪雌性和雄性谱系，我们发现，在我们调查的6000平方公里的区域内，雄性大猩猩形成了一个单一的种群，而雌性大猩猩则被限制在我们采样的各个地点，不能在这一地区自由移动。这些差异更准确地描述为扩散距离的差异，而不是性别之间的扩散率差异（在这个物种中，两性都从纳塔尔群体移民）。雌性和雄性大猩猩之间的资源竞争和扩散成本的差异与所观察到的模式是一致的，但需要更多的工作来了解这些最终原因是否是造成西部低地大猩猩性别偏见的扩散距离。
We explored two hypotheses related to potential differences between sexes in dispersal behaviour in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Direct observations suggest that immature females have more opportunities to move between breeding groups than immature males. The distribution of kin dyadic relationships within and between groups does not, however, support this hypothesis. At larger geographical scales, dispersal is likely to be easier for males than females because of the solitary phase most blackbacks experience before founding their own breeding group. However, previous work indicates that males settle preferentially close to male kin. By specifically tracing female and male lineages with mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal genetic markers, we found that male gorillas in the 6000 km(2) area we surveyed form a single population whereas females are restricted to the individual sites we sampled and do not freely move around this area. These differences are more correctly described as differences in dispersal distances, rather than differences in dispersal rates between sexes (both sexes emigrate from their natal group in this species). Differences in resource competition and dispersal costs between female and male gorillas are compatible with the observed pattern, but more work is needed to understand if these ultimate causes are responsible for sex-biased dispersal distances in western lowland gorillas.