Precipitation patterns in the Miocene of Central Europe and the development of continentality
Precipitation patterns in the Miocene of Central Europe and the development of continentality
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DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.002
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Mosbrugger, Volker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bruch, Angela A.;Utescher, Torsten;Mosbrugger, Volker
了解气候模式及其对植物分布和发展的决定性影响，对于了解中新世欧洲植被模式的历史至关重要。本文详细分析了中新世五个阶段的降水参数，包括最湿月、最干月和最暖月的降水量。这些参数与温度的季节性相结合，提供了对大陆性的有意义的衡量，有助于记录中新世气候变化和模式及其对植被的可能影响。这里提供的气候重建完全基于古植物材料。总共有169个中新世植物群被选中，包括14个Burdigalian，41个Langhian，40个Serravallian，36个Tortonian和38个Messinian地点。所有的植物区系进行了分析，使用共存的方法。通过对多个降水参数的分析、结果的统计相关性以及与现代降水模式的比较，全面了解了中新世降水。我们的数据集中有三个主要因素证明了中中新世气候最佳期（MMCO）之后的中新世气候变化，即（1）温度季节性增加，（2）降水量年内分布向夏季降水峰值方向变化;（3）降水量参数的经向梯度增加较晚。欧洲东部大陆性气候的证据最早出现在墨西拿期。除了温度的变化，降水量年分布的变化可能在后Langhian气候变化中发挥了重要作用。然而，最显著的气候变化发生在晚些时候，从中新世末一直到现在，几位作者描述了欧洲植被发展的模式，这与我们发现的第一个证据非常吻合，即在墨西拿期间东欧的大陆性气候。我们的数据不支持在Tortonian或更早的植被开放的开始，已经描述了东欧和南欧的一些地区。可能是非气候参数影响了这种早期的发展，或者我们的数据缺乏所需的分辨率和/或空间覆盖范围，以充分破译大陆性对植被的影响，并在统计上将气候和植被联系起来。然而，量化大陆性的气候数据可以为解释欧亚大陆草原的扩张提供一个合理的基础。(C)2010 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Understanding climate patterns, with their decisive influence on plant distribution and development, is crucial to understanding the history of vegetation patterns in Europe during the Miocene. This paper presents the detailed analyses of several precipitation parameters, including monthly precipitation of the wettest, driest and warmest months, for five Miocene stages. In conjunction with seasonality of temperature, those parameters provide a meaningful measure of continentality and can help to document Miocene climate changes and patterns and their possible influence on vegetation. Climate reconstructions provided here are entirely based on palaeobotanical material. In total, 169 Miocene floras were selected, including 14 Burdigalian, 41 Langhian, 40 Serravallian, 36 Tortonian, and 38 Messinian localities. All floras were analysed using the Coexistence Approach. The analysis of several precipitation parameters, the statistical inter-correlation of results, and the comparison with modern patterns provides a comprehensive account on Miocene precipitation.Miocene climatic changes after the Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) are evidenced in our data set by three major factors, i.e. (1) increasing seasonality of temperature, (2) changes in the annual distribution of precipitation towards a precipitation peak in summer, and (3) a late increase of longitudinal gradients of precipitation parameters. Evidence of continental climate in Eastern Europe first appears during the Messinian. In addition to changes in temperature, shifts in the annual distribution of precipitation may have played a major role in post-Langhian climate changes. However, the most significant climatic transformations occurred later, from the end of Miocene through to the present.Several authors have described patterns of vegetation development in Europe that are in good agreement with our finding of the first evidence for continental climate in Eastern Europe during the Messinian. Our data do not support an onset of opening of vegetation during the Tortonian or even earlier, as has been described for some parts of Eastern and Southern Europe. Possibly either non climatic parameters influenced such an early development, or our data lack the required resolution and/or spatial coverage to fully decipher the influence of continentality on vegetation and to correlate climate and vegetation statistically. Nevertheless, climatic data that quantify continentality can provide a sound basis for explaining the expansion of grassland in Eurasia. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.