Characterization of Nicotine Salts in 23 Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquids
Characterization of Nicotine Salts in 23 Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquids
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntz232
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Benowitz, Neal L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harvanko, Arit M.;Havel, Christopher M.;Benowitz, Neal L.
简介：许多电子烟制造商已经开始提供含有“尼古丁盐”的液体，这种盐是在酸与游离碱尼古丁混合在溶液中时形成的。盐的类型可能在电子烟液体的滥用倾向中起重要作用。作为了解尼古丁盐的第一步，本研究旨在确定23种市售电子烟液体中存在的酸的类型。目的和方法：购买了23种广告宣传为含有尼古丁盐的电子烟液体进行分析。这些液体被测试了11种不同的有机酸的存在，这些有机酸被认为可能用于尼古丁盐配方。液体进行了分析，使用液相色谱-质谱和气相色谱-质谱法相结合的方法，然后比较正宗的酸标准identifiation.Results：6的11种可能的酸被确定在液体中，从最常见的：乳酸，苯甲酸，乙酰丙酸，水杨酸，苹果酸，酒石酸。在其中一种液体中无法识别酸。虽然大多数液体只含有一种类型，但其中三种液体含有多种酸。结论：这些数据表明，几种类型的盐/酸目前正在用于电子烟液体。在这些液体中使用的盐的类型和浓度可以通过改变液体pH和酸本身的风味和感觉特征来不同地改变咽喉和上呼吸道的感觉以及气雾剂的总体药理学。
Introduction: Many electronic cigarette manufacturers have begun offering liquids containing "nicotine salts," which are formed when an acid is mixed in a solution with free-base nicotine.Type of salt could play a significant role in the abuse liability of electronic cigarette liquids. As a first step to understanding nicotine salts, this study sought to identify the types of acids present in 23 commercially available electronic cigarette liquids.Aims and Methods: Twenty-three electronic cigarette liquids advertised as containing nicotine salts were purchased for analysis.These liquids were tested for the presence of 11 different organic acids that were deemed likely to be used in a nicotine salt formulation. Liquids were analyzed using a combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods, then compared to authentic acid standards for identification.Results: Six of the 11 possible acids were identified in the liquids, from most to least common: lactic, benzoic, levulinic, salicyclic, malic, and tartaric acid. Acid(s) could not be identified in one of the liquids. Though most liquids contained only one type, three of the liquids contained multiple acids.Conclusions: These data demonstrate that several types of salts/acids are currently being used in electronic cigarette liquids. The type and concentration of salt(s) used in these liquids may differentially alter sensations in the throat and upper airway, and overall pharmacology of the aerosols by altering liquid pH and from flavor and sensory characteristics of the acids themselves.