The Ty1 LTR-retrotransposon of budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The Ty1 LTR-retrotransposon of budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.mdna3-0053-2014
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lesage P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Curcio MJ;Lutz S;Lesage P
长端重复(LTR)-逆转录转座子通过在胞质核衣壳中逆转录其RNA基因组来产生其DNA （cDNA）的拷贝。它们广泛存在于真核生物王国中，是逆转录病毒的进化祖先。酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）的Ty1元素是第一个被证明通过RNA中间体动员的ltr -反转录转座子，并且毫无疑问，是研究得最好的。我们对Ty1生物学的深入了解不仅源于酿酒酵母基因组中活性Ty1元件的优势，还源于基因组学、生物化学和细胞生物学方法的易用性和广度，这些方法可用于研究酵母的细胞过程。本文综述了Ty1及其基因产物的基本结构、复制周期、快速扩展的已知影响逆转录的宿主辅助因子，以及Ty1与宿主复杂共生关系的本质。我们的目标是阐明Ty1作为一个范例的价值，以探索多细胞生物中ltr -反转录转座子的生物学，其中反转录转座子事件的低频率对反转录转座子生物学的研究提出了一个巨大的障碍。
Long-terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons generate a copy of their DNA (cDNA) by reverse transcription of their RNA genome in cytoplasmic nucleocapsids. They are widespread in the eukaryotic kingdom and are the evolutionary progenitors of retroviruses. The Ty1 element of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first LTR-retrotransposon demonstrated to mobilize through an RNA intermediate, and not surprisingly, is the best studied. The depth of our knowledge of Ty1 biology stems not only from the predominance of active Ty1 elements in the S. cerevisiae genome but also the ease and breadth of genomic, biochemical and cell biology approaches available to study cellular processes in yeast. This review describes the basic structure of Ty1 and its gene products, the replication cycle, the rapidly expanding compendium of host co-factors known to influence retrotransposition and the nature of Ty1's elaborate symbiosis with its host. Our goal is to illuminate the value of Ty1 as a paradigm to explore the biology of LTR-retrotransposons in multicellular organisms, where the low frequency of retrotransposition events presents a formidable barrier to investigations of retrotransposon biology.