The Impact of the Fusarium Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol on the Health and Performance of Broiler Chickens
The Impact of the Fusarium Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol on the Health and Performance of Broiler Chickens
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms12117996
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Zentek, Juergen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Awad, Wageha A.;Hess, Michael;Zentek, Juergen
本试验的目的是研究饲喂自然污染镰刀菌毒素的谷物对空肠形态指标的影响，并跟踪脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）通过随后的消化道段的肉仔鸡。将45只1日龄肉仔鸡（Ross 308雄性）随机分为3组（15只/组）：（1）对照组;（2）1 mg DON/kg饲料组;（3）5 mg DON/kg饲料组。没有畜牧业性状（体重，体重增加，采食量和饲料转化率）响应饮食中DON水平的增加。然而，DON在两个饮食水平（1毫克和5毫克DON/公斤饲料）显着改变小肠形态。在空肠中，DON处理组的绒毛显著短于对照组（P < 0.01）。此外，日粮中添加DON降低了两个DON处理组的绒毛表面积（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，添加DON组肉鸡的肝脏、心脏、前胃、砂囊、小肠、脾脏、胰腺、结肠、盲肠、腔上囊和胸腺的绝对或相对重量均无显著性差异（P > 0.05）。DON和de-epoxy-DON（DOM-1）在血清，胆汁，肝脏，粪便和消化道（肌胃，盲肠和直肠）的连续段的粪便中进行了分析。血清、胆汁和肝脏中DON及其代谢产物DOM-1的浓度均低于液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS/MS）方法的检测限。只有约10%至12%和6%的摄入的DON被回收在砂囊和粪便中，无论饮食中的DON浓度。然而，盲肠中的DON回收率占DON摄入量的百分比在18%至22%之间变化，并且不受饮食DON浓度的影响。有趣的是，在本试验中，DOM-1没有出现在大肠和粪便中。结果表明，在本研究中的脱环氧几乎没有发生在消化道的远端段，假设完全脱环氧发生在近端小肠，其中大部分的母体毒素被吸收。总之，日粮中DON污染低于对生产性能产生负面影响的水平，可能会改变肉鸡的小肠形态。此外，结果证实，大多数摄入的DON通过胃肠道迅速消失。
The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the effects of feeding grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on morphometric indices of jejunum and to follow the passage of deoxynivalenol (DON) through subsequent segments of the digestive tract of broilers. A total of 45 1-d-old broiler chickens (Ross 308 males) were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (15 birds/treatment): (1) control diet; (2) diet contaminated with 1 mg DON/kg feed; (3) diet contaminated with 5 mg DON/kg feed for five weeks. None of the zootechnical traits (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion) responded to increased DON levels in the diet. However, DON at both dietary levels (1 mg and 5 mg DON/kg feed) significantly altered the small intestinal morphology. In the jejunum, the villi were significantly (P < 0.01) shorter in both DON treated groups compared with the controls. Furthermore, the dietary inclusion of DON decreased (P < 0.05) the villus surface area in both DON treated groups. The absolute or relative organ weights (liver, heart, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, spleen, pancreas, colon, cecum, bursa of Fabricius and thymus) were not altered (P > 0.05) in broilers fed the diet containing DON compared with controls. DON and de-epoxy-DON (DOM-1) were analyzed in serum, bile, liver, feces and digesta from consecutive segments of the digestive tract (gizzard, cecum, and rectum). Concentrations of DON and its metabolite DOM-1 in serum, bile, and liver were lower than the detection limits of the applied liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Only about 10 to 12% and 6% of the ingested DON was recovered in gizzard and feces, irrespective of the dietary DON-concentration. However, the DON recovery in the cecum as percentage of DON-intake varied between 18 to 22% and was not influenced by dietary DON-concentration. Interestingly, in the present trial, DOM-1 did not appear in the large intestine and in feces. The results indicate that deepoxydation in the present study hardly occurred in the distal segments of the digestive tract, assuming that the complete de-epoxydation occurs in the proximal small intestine where the majority of the parent toxin is absorbed. In conclusion, diets with DON contamination below levels that induce a negative impact on performance could alter small intestinal morphology in broilers. Additionally, the results confirm that the majority of the ingested DON quickly disappears through the gastrointestinal tract.